cardiovascular system

Question 1

What is the main function of the circulatory system?

Answer 1

To transport nutrients, gases, hormones, blood cells, and wastes to and from the body’s cells while maintaining homeostasis.

Question 2

What are the two fluids in the circulatory system?

Answer 2

Blood (in the cardiovascular system) and lymph (in the lymphatic system).

Question 3

What are the main components of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 3

The heart, blood vessels, and blood.

Question 4

What are the two main types of circulation?

Answer 4

Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.

Question 5

What is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 5

The flow of blood between the heart and lungs, where blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

Question 6

What is systemic circulation?

Answer 6

The flow of blood between the heart and the rest of the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues.

Question 7

How many chambers does the human heart have?

Answer 7

Four — two atria (upper) and two ventricles (lower).

Question 8

What separates the right and left sides of the heart?

Answer 8

The septum.

Question 9

What is the function of valves in the heart?

Answer 9

To prevent blood from flowing backward.

Question 10

What valve connects the right atrium and right ventricle?

Answer 10

The tricuspid valve.

Question 11

What valve connects the left atrium and left ventricle?

Answer 11

The mitral (bicuspid) valve.

Question 12

What valve controls blood leaving the right ventricle?

Answer 12

The pulmonary valve.

Question 13

What valve controls blood leaving the left ventricle?

Answer 13

The aortic valve.

Question 14

Which side of the heart carries oxygen-poor blood?

Answer 14

The right side.

Question 15

Which side of the heart carries oxygen-rich blood?

Answer 15

The left side.

Question 16

What is the average resting heart rate in adults?

Answer 16

About 70–72 beats per minute.

Question 17

What are the three main types of blood vessels?

Answer 17

Arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Question 18

What is the function of arteries?

Answer 18

To carry blood away from the heart, usually oxygenated.

Question 19

What is the function of veins?

Answer 19

To carry blood toward the heart, usually deoxygenated.

Question 20

What is the function of capillaries?

Answer 20

To allow exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes between blood and tissues.

Question 21

Which blood vessels contain valves?

Answer 21

Veins.

Question 22

Which blood vessels have the thickest, most elastic walls?

Answer 22

Arteries.

Question 23

What are the four main components of blood?

Answer 23

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Question 24

What is plasma?

Answer 24

The liquid part of blood that carries nutrients, hormones, and wastes; it is about 90% water.

Question 25

What is the function of red blood cells (RBCs)?

Answer 25

To transport oxygen using hemoglobin.

Question 26

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 26

The iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen.

Question 27

What is the function of white blood cells (WBCs)?

Answer 27

To defend the body against infection and disease.

Question 28

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 28

To help blood clot and seal wounds.

Question 29

What is blood pressure?

Answer 29

The force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries.

Question 30

What are the normal blood pressure values?

Answer 30

About 120/80 mmHg.

Question 31

What does systolic pressure measure?

Answer 31

The pressure in arteries when the heart contracts.

Question 32

What does diastolic pressure measure?

Answer 32

The pressure in arteries when the heart relaxes.

Question 33

What instrument measures blood pressure?

Answer 33

A sphygmomanometer.

Question 34

What is hypertension?

Answer 34

High blood pressure that can damage arteries and organs.

Question 35

What is hypotension?

Answer 35

Low blood pressure that can cause dizziness or fainting.

Question 36

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 36

The buildup of fatty plaque in arteries that reduces blood flow.

Question 37

What is myocardial infarction?

Answer 37

A heart attack; blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked.

Question 38

What is a stroke?

Answer 38

Blocked or reduced blood flow to the brain.

Question 39

What is arrhythmia?

Answer 39

An irregular heartbeat.

Question 40

What is an aneurysm?

Answer 40

A bulge or weakness in an artery wall that can rupture.

Question 41

What is anemia?

Answer 41

A condition where blood has too few red blood cells or too little hemoglobin.

Question 42

What is leukemia?

Answer 42

Cancer of white blood cells.

Question 43

How can you keep your circulatory system healthy?

Answer 43

Eat balanced foods, exercise, avoid smoking, and manage stress.

Question 44

What type of tissue makes up the heart?

Answer 44

Cardiac muscle tissue.

Question 45

How does the circulatory system maintain homeostasis?

Answer 45

By delivering oxygen and nutrients and removing wastes to keep a stable internal environment.

Question 46

What is the order of blood flow through the heart?

Answer 46

Body → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Lungs → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Body.

Question 47

Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?

Answer 47

Arteries.

Question 48

Which vessels carry blood toward the heart?

Answer 48

Veins.

Question 49

What vessels allow gas and nutrient exchange?

Answer 49

Capillaries.

Question 50

What color represents oxygen-poor blood in diagrams?

Answer 50

Blue.

Question 51

What color represents oxygen-rich blood in diagrams?

Answer 51

Red.

Question 52

What is the function of the coronary arteries?

Answer 52

To supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients.

Question 53

What is the function of the septum?

Answer 53

To separate oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood inside the heart.