nervous system !!

Question 1

What is the main job of the nervous system?

Answer 1

To send and receive messages between the brain and the body so we can move, think, feel, and react.

Question 2

What is the basic unit of the nervous system?

Answer 2

The neuron.

Question 3

What does a neuron do?

Answer 3

It carries electrical messages (nerve impulses) through the body.

Question 4

What are the 3 main types of neurons?

Answer 4

Sensory, motor, and interneurons.

Question 5

What are the 3 main parts of a neuron?

Answer 5

Dendrites, cell body (soma), and axon.

Question 6

What is a synapse?

Answer 6

The tiny gap between two neurons where neurotransmitters carry messages.

Question 7

What are neurotransmitters?

Answer 7

Chemical messengers that send signals across synapses between neurons.

Question 8

What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) include?

Answer 8

The brain and the spinal cord.

Question 9

What is the function of the CNS?

Answer 9

It controls and coordinates all body activities; it’s the body’s control center.

Question 10

What does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) include?

Answer 10

All the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

Question 11

What does the PNS do?

Answer 11

It connects the CNS to the rest of the body; carries information to and from the brain.

Question 12

What are the two main divisions of the PNS?

Answer 12

The sensory division and the motor division.

Question 13

What does the sensory division do?

Answer 13

Carries information from sense organs to the CNS.

Question 14

What does the motor division do?

Answer 14

Sends commands from the CNS to muscles and glands.

Question 15

What is the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

Answer 15

The part of the PNS that controls involuntary actions like heartbeat and digestion.

Question 16

What are the two parts of the ANS?

Answer 16

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic.

Question 17

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

Answer 17

Prepares the body for action — ‘fight or flight’.

Question 18

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

Answer 18

Calms the body and restores it to normal — ‘rest and digest’.

Question 19

What is the function of the senses?

Answer 19

To detect information from the environment and send it to the brain.

Question 20

What are the five senses?

Answer 20

Sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.

Question 21

What organ controls sight?

Answer 21

The eyes.

Question 22

What cells in the eye help us see?

Answer 22

Rods (dim light) and cones (color).

Question 23

What organ controls hearing and balance?

Answer 23

The ears.

Question 24

How does the ear detect sound?

Answer 24

It senses vibrations, frequency (pitch), and amplitude (loudness).

Question 25

What organ detects smell?

Answer 25

The nose (olfactory neurons).

Question 26

What organ detects taste?

Answer 26

The tongue (taste buds).

Question 27

What are the four main taste receptors?

Answer 27

Sweet, sour, salty, and bitter.

Question 28

What organ detects touch?

Answer 28

The skin.

Question 29

What types of sensations does the skin detect?

Answer 29

Pressure, pain, temperature, and vibration.

Question 30

What is Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 30

A brain disorder that destroys brain cells and causes memory loss and confusion.

Question 31

What is cerebral palsy?

Answer 31

A condition where brain damage affects muscle control, movement, and posture.

Question 32

What is Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 32

A disorder caused by the loss of dopamine-producing cells, leading to tremors and movement problems.

Question 33

What are mental disorders?

Answer 33

Conditions that affect thinking, mood, and behavior, such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder.

Question 34

What does the CNS stand for?

Answer 34

Central Nervous System.

Question 35

What does the PNS stand for?

Answer 35

Peripheral Nervous System.

Question 36

What does the ANS stand for?

Answer 36

Autonomic Nervous System.

Question 37

Which system prepares your body for stress?

Answer 37

The sympathetic nervous system.

Question 38

Which system helps your body relax and digest food?

Answer 38

The parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 39

What is the main difference between the CNS and PNS?

Answer 39

The CNS is the control center (brain & spinal cord); the PNS connects the rest of the body to the CNS.

Question 40

What are nerve impulses?

Answer 40

Electrical signals that travel along neurons.

Question 41

How fast can nerve impulses travel?

Answer 41

Up to about 120 meters per second (varies by neuron type).

Question 42

Memory trick: Neuron as a text message chain — what matches what?

Answer 42

Dendrites = inbox, Cell body = reading the message, Axon = sending reply, Synapse = gap between phones, Neurotransmitters = texts.

Question 43

Memory trick: CNS phrase

Answer 43

CNS = Control 'N Supervise (Brain = boss, Spinal cord = main hallway).

Question 44

Memory trick: PNS phrase

Answer 44

PNS = People's Network System (sensory = bring info in, motor = take orders out).

Question 45

Memory trick: ANS automatic meaning

Answer 45

AUTOmatic = things your body does automatically; Sympathetic = Stress; Parasympathetic = Peace.

Question 46

Memory trick for senses

Answer 46

S.H.S.T.T. = Sight, Hearing, Smell, Taste, Touch. Think 'Five Senses Squad'.

Question 47

Kids version: Who is the Mayor of Bodyville?

Answer 47

The Brain is the Mayor — boss of the body.

Question 48

Kids version: What is the job of neurons in Bodyville?

Answer 48

Neurons are messengers that deliver letters (messages) across the city.

Question 49

Kids version: What does the PNS do in the kid story?

Answer 49

PNS are helpers who bring news to the Mayor and carry orders to workers.

Question 50

Kids version: What two teams does the ANS have?

Answer 50

Sympathetic (Superheroes of Stress) and Parasympathetic (Peace Patrol).

Question 51

Quick mnemonic: Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic

Answer 51

Sympathetic = S for Stress (fight/flight). Parasympathetic = P for Peace (rest/digest).

Question 52

What is a reflex arc?

Answer 52

A quick automatic response where sensory input goes to the spinal cord and back to muscles without waiting for the brain.

Question 53

Example of reflex arc

Answer 53

Pulling your hand away quickly from a hot surface before feeling pain in the brain.

Question 54

Why are myelin sheaths important?

Answer 54

Myelin speeds up nerve impulses along the axon, like insulation on a wire.

Question 55

What are interneurons?

Answer 55

Neurons within the CNS that connect sensory and motor neurons and process information.

Question 56

Why do we get used to smells quickly?

Answer 56

Olfactory receptors stop sending stimuli quickly, causing adaptation (habituation).

Question 57

What is homeostasis related to ANS?

Answer 57

ANS helps maintain stable internal conditions (heart rate, digestion, breathing).

Question 58

One-sentence summary of nervous system

Answer 58

The nervous system senses the world, processes information, and coordinates responses using neurons and networks (CNS + PNS).