Cardiovascular System

Question 0

Pericardium

Answer 0

• double walled sac w/ 2 layers
  
  • deep: visceral pericardium (next to the heart aka epicardium)
  • superficial: parietal pericardium (outside layer that lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
  • in between: serous fluid

Question 1

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

1. ) circulates blood which removes carbon dioxide
2. ) delivers nutrients
3. ) delivers oxygen
4. ) takes away waste

Question 2

Myocardium

Answer 2

Middle layer of the heart wall which is cardiac muscle

Question 3

Atria (atrium)

Answer 3

Receiving chambers

Question 4

Ventricles

Answer 4

discharging chambers

Question 5

Difference btwn left and right ventricles

Answer 5

Left side is thicker b/c it has to pump blood to the entire body

Question 6

Describe pulmonary circulation

Answer 6

Blood flows from the right side of the lungs and back to the left side of the heart

Question 7

What is the importance of pulmonary circulation

Answer 7

Need to be oxygenated in order to function and blood has to go through the lungs to become oxygenated

Question 8

Describe the blood carried in pulmonary arteries and the pulmonary veins

Answer 8

Pulmonary arteries have blue blood

Pulmonary veins have red blood which is oxygenated

Question 9

Describe the aorta

Answer 9

Largest artery in the body

Either of two large veins that return oxygen-depleted blood to the right atrium of the heart

Question 10

What is the SA node known as and where is it located

Answer 10

Sinoatrial node and right atrium

Question 11

What is the summary of heart contractions

Answer 11

1. ) SA node starts the heartbeat
2. ) The impulse spreads to the AV node
3. ) Atria contracts
4. ) at the AV node the impulse goes to AV bundle
5. ) bundle branches to
6. ) Purkinje fibers
7. ) blood is ejected from the ventricles when they contract to
8. ) the aorta and
9. ) pulmonary artery

Question 12

Tachycardia

Answer 12

Rapid heart rate over 100 beats per minute

Question 13

What creates LUB

Answer 13

Closure of AV valves (beginning of ventricular systole)

Question 14

DUB

Answer 14

Closure of semilunar valves (beginning of ventricle diastole)

Question 15

Cardiac output (CO)

Answer 15

Amount of blood pumped out of left ventricle per minute

Question 16

How is cardiac output determined

Answer 16

CO=HRxSV ( cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume )

Question 17

What is the function of arteries and arterioles

Answer 17

Carries blood away

Question 18

Function of venules and veins

Answer 18

Returns blood to heart

Question 19

Three layers of arteries and veins

Answer 19

Tunic intima (endothelium)
Tunic media (smooth)
Tunic exterma (mostly fibrous connective tissue)

Question 20

Differences btwn arteries and veins

Answer 20

Arteries: walls are thickest
Veins: lumens (openings) are larger, larger veins have valves to prevent backflow

Question 21

How is blood moved back to the heart in the veins

Answer 21

Only move one direction in order to prevent backflow

Question 22

What affects blood pressure

Answer 22

CO: amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per minute
PR: peripheral resistance: the amount of friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels and narrowing of blood vessels and increased blood volume increases PR

Question 23

Erythrocytes and it’s function

Answer 23

Red blood cell that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide within the bloodstream: it transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 24

Platelets function

Answer 24

cell fragment that plays an important part in forming blood cells: blood clotting

Question 25

Leukocytes function

Answer 25

White blood cells that typically functions in immunity, such as phagocytosis or antibody production

Question 26

Components of plasma

Answer 26

Living cells, formed elements, nonliving matrix

Question 27

Function of plasma

Answer 27

Carrying in other substances , regulation of membrane , and clotting of blood and defense (antibodies)

Question 28

What are the characteristics of blood

Answer 28

Color Range: oxygen rich blood red, oxygen poor blood dull red Blood temperature: slightly higher than body temperature at 100.4°F And a healthy man blood volume is about 5 to 6 L or about 6 quarts Blood makes up 8% of bodyweight

Question 29

What is the pigment that gives red blood cells their color

Answer 29

Hemoglobin

Question 30

Polycythemia

Answer 30

An excessive or abnormal increase in the number of erythrocytes

Question 31

Anemia

Answer 31

Decrease in oxygen-carrying ability of the blood

Question 32

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 32

Abnormally shaped hemoglobin

Question 33

Leukemia

Answer 33

Bone marrow becomes cancerous turns out excessive white blood cell count

Question 34

Leukopenia

Answer 34

Abnormally low level commonly caused by certain drugs such as corticosteroids and anticancer agents

Question 35

Hemophilia

Answer 35

Hereditary bleeding disorder normal clotting factors are missing