Short bone
- generally short and cube shaped
- contain mostly spongey bone
Long bone
- typically longer than they are wide
- have a shaft with heads at both ends
- contain mostly compact bone
Flat bone
-thin, flattened and usually curved
-2 thin layers of compact bone surround a layer of spongey bone
(Skull, ribs, sternum)
Irregular bone
-irregular shape
-dont fit into other bone classification categories
(Vertebrae, hip bones)
Diaphysis (anatomy of a long bone)
- shaft
- composed of compact bone
Periosteum
- outside covering of the diaphysis
- fibrous connective tissue
Epiphysis (anatomy of a long bone)
- ends of the bone
- composed mostly of spongy bone
Arteries (anatomy of a long bone)
-supply bone cells with nutrients
Osteon (haversian system)
a unit of bone containing central canal and matrix rings
Central (haversian) canal
- opening in the center of an osteon
- carries blood vessels and nerves
Perforating (volkmans) canal
- canal perpendicular to the central canal
- carries blood vessels and nerves
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells
Osteoblasts
Bone forming cells
When osteoclasts are greater than osteoblasts…
= osteoporosis
Osteoclasts destroying cells
Break down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium in response to parathyroid hormone
Step one of repair of bone fractures
**
Hematoma (blood filled swelling) is formed ((surrounds fracture))
Step two of repair of bone fracture ***
Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus
Step three of repair of bone fractures **
Fibrocartilage callus is replaced by a bony callus
Step four of repair of bone fractures **
Bony callus is remodeled to form a permanent patch
Axial skeleton divided into 3 parts **
Skull
Bony thorax/ribs
Vertebral column
Bone movement is determined by **
Shape of bone and structure of joint
Vertebral column ** cervicle
7 neck
Vertebral column thoracic **
12 chest region (connect to ribs)
Vertebral column lumbar **
Lower back
