Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is the Cardiovascular System (CVS)?

Answer 1

The heart + all the arteries, veins, blood vessels, etc.

Question 2

What is the difference between the CVS and the Circulatory System?

Answer 2

The circulatory system does not include the heart

Question 3

What are the four main functions of the CVS?

Answer 3

1. Transport: Oxygen, CO2, nutrients, hormones, etc.
2. Waste removal: Remove metabolic wastes (ex. CO2)
3. Temperature Maintenance: Constict/dilate to control heat
4. FLuid balance: Take/release water

Question 4

What is constriction?

Answer 4

Artery lumen gets smaller allowing less blood flow

Question 5

What is dilation?

Answer 5

Artery lumen get wider allowing more blood flow

Question 6

What are arteries?

Answer 6

Carry highly oxygenated blood away from the heart

Question 7

What are veins?

Answer 7

Carry deoxygenated (poorly oxygenated blood) toward the heart

Question 8

How does the body control heat using the blood when it is to hot?

Answer 8

Blood vessels close to the surface dilate allowing more blood to flow closer to the outside where the heat can be released through sweat glands

Question 9

How does the body control heat using the blood when it is to cold?

Answer 9

Blood vessels close to the surface constrict allowing less blood to flow to the outside, and keep it closer to the body’s core, trapping the heat

Question 10

Where is the heart located?

Answer 10

In the mediastinum: an area between the lungs and diaphragm

Question 11

What is the external layer of the heart (containining 2 layers)?

Answer 11

Pericardium

Question 12

Name the 2 Layers of pericardium

Answer 12

1. Fibrous Pericardium: Thickest layer
2. Serous pericardium:
   - Parietal layer of the serous pericardium
   — Pericardial Cavity —
   - Visceral layer of the serous pericardium (Epicardium)

Question 13

Why do the parietal and visceral serous membranes produce serous fluid?

Answer 13

Allows them to rub together smoothly and prevent damage to the membranes long term

Question 14

Why is there a pericardial cavity between the two serous membranes?

Answer 14

Allows space for expansion

Question 15

What is the muscular layer of the heart?

Answer 15

Myocardium

Question 16

What is the Epithelial cell layer of the heart?

Answer 16

Endocardium

Question 17

Name layers of the heart from superficial to deep

Answer 17

2. Epicardium (second serous pericardium membrane)
3. Myocardium (cardiac muscle)
4. Endocardium (epithelial cell)