Name the main structures of the heart
atria ventricles bicuspid valve tricuspid valve semilunar valves septum aorta vena cava pulmonary artery pulmonary vein coronary arteries
What is the main function of the heart
pump blood around the body
What is the function of arteries
carry blood away from the heart under high pressure
What is the function of veins
carry blood to the heart under low pressure and have valves
What is the function of capillaries
allow diffusion of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients
What are the components of blood
red blood cells white blood cells platelets plasma
What is the role of red blood cells
carry oxygen with haemoglobin
What is the role of white blood cells
fight infection
What is the role of platelets
clot blood to prevent bleeding
What is the role of plasma
transport nutrients, waste and blood cells
What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system
deliver oxygen and nutrients remove waste thermoregulation fight infection clot blood
What is vasodilation
widening of blood vessels to release heat
What is vasoconstriction
narrowing of blood vessels to conserve heat
What is the cardiac cycle
sequence of atrial and ventricular contraction and relaxation
What is the SAN
heart pacemaker that starts the heartbeat
What is the AVN
slows the impulse to allow ventricles to fill
What are the bundle of His and Purkinje fibres
cause ventricular contraction
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have
increases heart rate
What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have
decreases heart rate
What happens to the cardiovascular system during exercise
heart rate cardiac output and blood pressure increase blood flow redirected to muscles
What is cardiac output
stroke volume x heart rate
What are long-term adaptations to exercise
cardiac hypertrophy increased stroke volume lower resting heart rate increased capillarisation
What is SADS
sudden death caused by irregular heartbeat
What is hypertension
high blood pressure
