Name the major bones of the body
cranium ribs sternum vertebral column pelvis humerus radius ulna carpals femur tibia fibula tarsals
What are the sections of the vertebral column
cervical thoracic lumbar sacrum coccyx
What are the five types of bones and their functions
long movement short support flat protection sesamoid reduce friction irregular various
Give one example of each bone type
femur carpals ribs patella vertebrae
What are the two areas of the skeleton
axial and appendicular
What bones make up the axial skeleton
cranium ribs sternum vertebral column
What bones make up the appendicular skeleton
limbs shoulder girdle pelvic girdle
What is a neutral spine
normal S shaped spine
What is kyphosis
excessive outward curve of thoracic spine
What is scoliosis
sideways curvature of spine
Describe the process of bone growth
ossification osteoblasts build bone osteoclasts break bone epiphyseal plates allow growth
What are the main functions of the skeleton
support protection movement blood cell production mineral storage leverage weight bearing reduce friction
What are the three types of joints
fibrous cartilaginous synovial
Give an example of each joint type
cranium vertebrae knee
Name the main types of synovial joints
hinge ball and socket pivot condyloid saddle gliding
What structures are found in a synovial joint
joint capsule synovial fluid synovial membrane articular cartilage ligaments bursae
What movements occur at synovial joints
flexion extension abduction adduction rotation circumduction plantarflexion dorsiflexion
What happens to the skeletal system during exercise
more synovial fluid increased mineral uptake ligaments more pliable
What are long term skeletal adaptations to exercise
increased bone density stronger ligaments thicker cartilage
What is arthritis
inflammation of joints causing pain and stiffness
How does exercise help arthritis
increases synovial fluid and reduces stiffness
What is osteoporosis
loss of bone density
How does exercise prevent osteoporosis
weight bearing exercise increases bone density
Why is heavy resistance training risky for children
can damage epiphyseal plates and stunt growth
