BDS4 EXAM STUDY > Caries Symposium > Flashcards

Caries Symposium Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

What factors must be present for development of caries?

A
  • tooth
  • substrate/sugar
  • acid
  • time
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2
Q

What carbohydrate/sugar is the worst for development of caries?

A

sucrose

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3
Q

What are the 7 elements of caries risk?

A
  1. clinical evidence
  2. dietary habits
  3. social history
  4. fluoride use
  5. plaque control
  6. saliva
  7. medical history
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4
Q

What is a pts caries risk if they wear fixed orthodontics?

A

Immediately high risk

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5
Q

How many sugar intakes per day make someone high caries risk?

A

> 3 sugar intakes a day

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6
Q

What is SIMD?

A

Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation
- looks at the extent to which an area is deprived across seven domains

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7
Q

What are the 7 domains of SIMD?

A
  1. income
  2. employment
  3. education
  4. health
  5. access to services
  6. crime
  7. housing
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8
Q

What social history answers can give an indication of a patients being high caries risk?

A
  • SIMD category
  • education
  • unemployment
  • work stressors
  • single parent families
  • violence
  • inequalities & poor access to healthcare
  • dependents
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9
Q

How does fluoride lower a patients caries risk?

A
  • incorporation into enamel crystal to form fluorapetite (more caries resistant than hydroxyapetite)
  • its bacteriocidal
  • interferes with adhesion force of bacteria reducing ability to stick to tooth
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10
Q

How can saliva give us an indication of a patients caries risk?

A
  • amount (oral dryness may cause caries)
  • buffering capacity
  • pH
  • viscosity (too thick is bad as cannot flow well)
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11
Q

What are the 8 elements of caries prevention?

A
  1. radiographs
  2. toothbrushing
  3. strength of fluoride in toothpaste
  4. fluoride varnish
  5. fluoride supplementation
  6. diet advice
  7. fissure sealants
  8. sugar free medication
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12
Q

Why do white spot lesions occur?

A

Loss of mineralisation of enamel
- loss of inter-rod regions
- thickness of crystallites reduced

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13
Q

On SEM, how does an active white spot lesion appear?

A

ROUGH (vs inactive which appears smooth)

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14
Q

Why is sealing root caries difficult?

A

No enamel to bond onto

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15
Q

When giving advice to new mothers, what should be discussed regarding diet & nutrition?

A
  • use a feeding cup with a free flow spout
  • NO SUGARY DRINKS in bottle (especially at night)
  • sweet drinks/snacks at meal times only & diluted/through straw
  • sugar free medication if possible
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16
Q

Give some examples of “safe snacks” that you could advise for your pts?

A
  • milk/water
  • fruit (natural sugar so be careful)
  • crackers
  • cheese
  • bread sticks
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17
Q

In relation to mercury in amalgam, what legislation is relevant to us?

Study These Flashcards
A

The Minimata Treaty
- global environmental treaty aimed at reducing release of mercury into the environment

18
Q

What are the clinical steps when performing traditional prep for a preformed metal crown?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • give LA
  • caries removal
  • clear contacts at mesial & distal
  • occlusal surface reduction
  • size crown & cement on with GIC
19
Q

What are some minor complications of GA?

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A
  • pain
  • headache
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • sore throat
  • sore nose/nose bleed
  • drowsiness
20
Q

What medical conditions make GA higher risk?

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A
  • Sickle cell disease
  • Down’s syndrome
  • bleeding disorders
  • cardiac conditions
  • renal disease
  • diabetes
  • liver disease
21
Q

What type of consent is required for GA?

22
Q

What determines cavity design?

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A
  • the extent of disease
  • the properties of dental material being used
  • the type of disease (eg caries, perio, toothwear)
23
Q

Where on teeth are caries located?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • pits & fissues
  • interproximal
  • smooth surfaces
24
Q

If a patient has a white spot lesion that doesnt appear to be cavitated, should we intervene?

Study These Flashcards
A

NO
- focus on remineralisation FIRST

25
What are the steps of cavity design & preparation?
- identify and remove carious enamel - remove enamel to the maximum extent of the caries at the ACJ & smooth margins - progressively remove peripheral caries in dentine from ACJ then deeper - remove deep caries over pulp
26
Before you etch a cavity, what should you do?
- remove any unsupported enamel - smooth sharp cavosurface margins & line angles
27
What is the cavo surface margin angle?
The angle at which the outside of the tooth meets the inside of the cavity
28
What is configuration factor?
The ratio of bonded to unbonded surfaces - important for composite restorations - should be low when restoring with composite
29
What is the concentration of daily fluoride mouthwash?
0.05% (227ppmF)
30
What is the concentration of weekly fluoride mouthwash?
0.2% (909ppmF)
31
How does fluoride varnish work?
Colophony resin hardens in contact with saliva to maintain contact of fluoride with the tooth - mobilisation of calcium ions into enamel - precipitation of calcium fluoride
32
Which patients cannot use tooth mousse?
Pt with milk allergy
33
What risks are associated with fluoride use?
- enamel fluorosis - acute toxicity via ingestion (rare) - chronic toxicity (fluorosis)
34
How much fluoride do young children need to swallow to risk fluorosis?
0.1mg f/kg
35
What can be done to maximise caries benefit but reduce fluorosis risk in young children?
- keep toothpaste out of reach of small children - brush 2x per day - supervise brushing - use recommended amount (pea/smear) - discourage swallowing
36
What are the stages of caries progression?
- adhesion - survival & growth - biofilm formation - complex plaque - acid formation - caries
37
State Koch's Postulates germ theory of disease?
- microbe must be present in every case of the disease - microbe must be isolated from the diseased host & grown in pure culture - disease must be reproduced when a pure culture is introduced into a susceptible host - microbe must be recovered from an experimentally infect host
38
What type of microbe is Steptococcus Mutans?
gram-positive coccus
39
Give examples of virulence factors of caries inducing microbes:
- adhesions - binding proteins - sugar modifying enzyme - polysaccharides - acid tolerance & adaption
40
Give examples of sugar modifying enzymes found in caries inducing microbes:
- fructanase - dextranase
41
What is the pH of lactic acid?
3.5 (demin starts at pH 5.5)
42
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