Case Studies

Question 1

acute hyponatremia happens after how many hours

what about chronic

Answer 1

• < 12-48

- > 72

Question 2

which has greater mortality - acute or chronic hyponatremia

Answer 2

• acute

Question 3

causes of death of acute and chronic hyponatremia

Answer 3

• cerebral edema
• brain herniation
• rare in chronic

Question 4

how does hyponatremia cause brain swelling

Answer 4

• brain is now hypertonic to cerebral fluid

- water rushes into brain

Question 5

clinical settings in which acute hyponatremia can develop

Answer 5

• post operative SIADH
• marathon runners
• psychogenic polydipsia
• ecstasy

Question 6

what is the goal serum sodium concentration you want to increase by in treatment of symptomatic hyponatremia

what is the treatment

Answer 6

4-6 mEq/L

3% saline

Question 7

if you produce > 3 liters of urine per day, what is the next thing to check?

Answer 7

• osmolarity of the urine

Question 8

if you produce > 3 liters of urine per day and Usom < 200 mOsm/kg, what is that called?

what are conditions that could cause this?

Answer 8

• water diuresis
• diabetes insipidus
• primary polydipsia

Question 9

if you produce > 3 liters of urine per day and Usom > 300 mOsm/kg, what is that called?

Answer 9

• osmotic or solute diuresis