Case Study - Jakarta (topic 3)

Question 1

Where is Jakarta located?

Answer 1

Jakarta is in Indonesia on the island of Java, south east Asia.The Indian Ocean is to the west and the Pacific to the east.

Question 2

What type of city is Jakarta?

Answer 2

Both a world and mega city

Question 3

Why is Jakarta a world city?

Answer 3

• good infrastructure and transport routes such as the MRT
• good quality if healthcare and education
• young working population
• business activity such as global conferences

Question 4

What is Jakarta’s population and population density?

Answer 4

• Over 30 million

- 14,000 people/sqkm

Question 5

What does spatial mean?

Answer 5

Relates to geographical space and how it is used

Question 6

Explain Jakarta’s spatial growth

Answer 6

Wetland and open space farmland has been consumed by the expanding city and much is now densely populated. This has lead to an increase in population in the core

Question 7

Why have rural migrants come to Jakarta?

Answer 7

59% come for better paid tertiary jobs
2.8% come for education to improve prospects
35% come for family reasons to avoid remittances
1.6% come for better infrastructure

Question 8

What is Jakarta’s GDP per capita and GDP growth rate?

Answer 8

GDP growth rate = 9.6%

GDP per capita = $4600

Question 9

What are the economic benefits of Jakarta?

Answer 9

• one of the fastest growing mega cities
• the tertiary sector adds 60% value to their economy
• increase in spices and finances for both men and women

Question 10

What are the environmental facts about Jakarta?

Answer 10

• undeveloped space in Jakarta has decreased by 60% from 1992-2005
• huge city made of 12 different provinces or regions
• undergoing huge spatial growth

Question 11

What are some social benefits of Jakarta?

Answer 11

• 14% have been to university compared to 7% nationally
• second largest urban population
• 84% of Jakarta’s growth has been in the suburbs

Question 12

What are some disadvantages of people coming to Jakarta?

Answer 12

• poor housing
• overcrowded
• less access to services
• pollution

Question 13

What has urban primacy made Jakarta grow?

Answer 13

• dominates its area

- High growth has encouraged growth in surrounding areas

Question 14

Why has rural-urban migration made Jakarta grow?

Answer 14

• natural increase in population so larger workforce

- better jobs and services

Question 15

Why has following family made Jakarta grow?

Answer 15

• many want to follow in the success if their family

- Jakarta’s wealth attracts people

Question 16

Why had reconstruction of the Indonesian economy made Jakarta grow?

Answer 16

• lead to industrialisation
• shift towards manufacturing had created jobs
• Clark-fisher model as she develops she mired from an agrarian economy to one based on manufacturing and trade

Question 17

How have land issues lead to Jakarta’s growth?

Answer 17

• increasing value of land in the CBD has meant spatial growth outwards
• small kampungs have reduced by 50% and have been forced outwards

Question 18

What is it like for Jakarta’s poor?

Answer 18

• informal illegal jobs
• can’t register for help as can’t afford an ID card
• poor living conditions
• half of Indonesia earn less the $2 per day

Question 19

What is like for Jakarta’s middle class?

Answer 19

• young working population
• formal tertiary jobs so positive multiplier effect
• can afford big brands and luxury goods

Question 20

What life like for Jakarta’s upper class?

Answer 20

• over 40 people have private jets
• many real money from natural resources
• both men and women thrive
• private healthcare and good sanitation

Question 21

What are some problems of Jakarta rapid urbanisation?

Answer 21

• poverty and hunger
• lack of access to clean water
• large overcrowded slum areas
• flooding and congestion
• Air pollution

Question 22

Why does Jakarta get flooding?

Answer 22

• Geographically susceptible as they have low lying surrounding plains
• heavy monsoon seasons
• push for industrialisation has increased deforestation on the hills which increases surface run off and decreases infiltration

Question 23

What are the effects if Jakarta’s flooding?

Answer 23

• canals and the city overall need constant maintenance as 1 billion dollars of flood damage over year
• poor settlements suffer as are often in river banks and gave poor infrastructure
• 54 deaths per year

Question 24

What are the causes of Jakarta’s increases congestion?

Answer 24

• Limited city transport so increase in cars and a lack of city planning has increase congestion
• directly proportionate to Jakarta’s urbanisation

Question 25

What are the effects of Jakarta’s congestion?

Answer 25

- most congested city globally - increase air pollution has lead to health issues and deaths - they lack space to expand as only 6.2% of the city is dedicated to roads

Question 26

What is sustainability?

Answer 26

Meeting the needs of the present without jeopardising the past

Question 27

What is the bottom up project of skyhydrate?

Answer 27

An ultra fine filter that removes virtually every trade of sediment and harmful pathogens - Producing 10’000 litres per day

Question 28

Why may the sky hydrate projecting be unsuccessful?

Answer 28

- when maintenance is needed the locals must be trained - if it breaks it can no longer be used - it is initially expensive costing $3,500

Question 29

What are some successes of the sky hydrate?

Answer 29

- produces 10’000 litres of clean water per day - costs almost nothing to run - uterlises the pressure of gravity

Question 30

What is the top down project in Jakarta?

Answer 30

Ciliwung River Normalisation Programme - Plans to reduce problems introduced by flooding by widening the river from 20m to 50m - relocation of riverbank communities - 7.5m river access to help dredge if needed

Question 31

What are some successes of the Ciliwung River Normalisation Programme?

Answer 31

- formal jobs in in newer, safer areas shows there is a way out of poverty but also creates a positive multiplier effect - living standards improve - shows government concern - benefits the city as a whole

Question 32

What are some failures of the ciliwung River Normalisation Programme?

Answer 32

- forced relocation takes away freedom and independence - takes away social privileges as breaks up communities meaning Jakarta would be less integrated with less diversity - more expensive rents may be unsustainable - could lead to the government being biased towards the needs of the city as a whole rathe then the smaller communities

Question 33

Why are their variations in wealth?

Answer 33

- varied access to services such as education and healthcare - someone’s background as if they are born into a rich family they are more likely to have attended school and have a desire to work

Question 34

Why might urban primacy be a problem for developing countries?

Answer 34

- economic growth is concentrated leading to extreme inequalities of wealth - political power becomes focussed in the city and so is biased towards the needs of the city rathe the the country as a whole

Question 35

Why is growth concentrated at the rural to urban fringe?

Answer 35

Land is cheaper at the rural-urban fringe as it is more prone to landslides and natural disasters People are too poor to afford to live in the CBD/more central area, so the access to the CBD/more central area is more problematic

Question 36

What are the trends in Jakarta’s Gini coefficient?

Answer 36

It has risen from 0.3 in 2000 to 0.4 in 2015 and is reflected by how QOL varies across the city

Question 37

Why does quality if life vary so much across Indonesia?

Answer 37

Cycle of poverty creates inequality in opportunity and health Corruption and tax evasion Transport infrastructure so people are affected by long commutes

Question 38

What is the aim of the elevated road network?

Answer 38

Top down approach that tackles congestion and the fact Indonesia has no space to expand on the ground

Question 39

What are the advantages if the elevated road network?

Answer 39

- Reduces congestion by increasing flow | - decreases air pollution

Question 40

What are some disadvantages of the elevated road network?

Answer 40

- extremely expensive - must be earthquake proof - may encourage further traffic as there is now less congestion

Question 41

What is the top down approach to air quality?

Answer 41

Reducing air pollution by trying to establish cleaner fuel use in cars and have a car free day

Question 42

What are some disadvantages of tackling air quality?

Answer 42

- Conflict from petrol stations - cleaner fuel is more expensive - hard to enforce to everyone originally

Question 43

What is Site?

Answer 43

The actual location of a settlement in relation to physical characteristics of the landscape

Question 44

What is situation?

Answer 44

The location of a place relative to its surroundings and other places

Question 45

Why is land concentrated at the rural-urban fringe?

Answer 45

Land is cheaper at the rural-urban fringe as it is more prone to landslides and natural disasters People are too poor to afford to live in the CBD/more central area