What are the stages of enquiry?
- using photos, maps and research to write up an enquiry Q
- conduct further readers have into the place
- plan methodology and sampling strategy
- conduct primary data collection and then process/present this as well as analyse and explain it using theory to reach a conclusion
- reflect critically and evaluate the whole investigation
What is sampling?
A way of collecting data to represent the whole population
What is primary and secondary data?
- primary is data you’ve collected yourself
- secondary is data collected and processed by someone else
What is qualitative and quantitive data?
Qualitative data is based on diagrams words and pictures (not numbers)
Quantitive data is based on numbers and statistics
What are the pros and cons of secondary data?
- easy and quick to access
- already analysed and processed so can support primary data
- may be inaccuracies your unaware of
- may be subjective and not relevant
What is an effective sampling strategy?
Understands the trade off between representing the whole population and the time,money and resources that may be needed to do this
What is random sampling?
Every item in a population has an equal chance of inclusion in the sample -it is random
What is systematic sampling?
Each sample is selected in a regular manner and it is linear (e.g. along a line transect)
What is stratified sampling?
Sampling is done from different subgroups/areas where each needs to be represented fairly according to their proportions
What sampling strategy is used in our fieldwork?
Stratified
What was our urban fieldwork testing?
How does QOL vary between park barn and marrow?
What are reasons for varying QOL between wards?
- people are born into areas or poverty and wealth (cycle)
- High income houses tend to have bigger and nicer houses
- tends to be more crime and higher unemployment in poor areas
- access to services and transport vary
- poorer areas have a lack of respect (graffiti)due to renter property
How does the burgess model support our urban enquiry?
Suggests that housing quality often improves as you move outwards for, the inner city but this isn’t always the case as some areas may be council estates or regenerated
What is the index of multiple deprivation (IMD)?
Ranks each small areas from 1st most deprived to 32,844 least deprived and covers seven denominations of deprivation
-however economic factors are placed ahead of environmental and social
What did you do for the noise survey, why is it useful, evaluation?
Used decibel ultra to record average noise across 4 points
- useful as it is quantitive data so isn’t subjective so it accurately indicates how busy an area is
- yet room for human error and there are anomalies which affect the average
What did you do for the traffic count, why is it useful, evaluation?
Stand at each of the 4 points and count the number of vehicles form 5 minutes and calculate and average
- good as it is quantitive data so isn’t subjective and again indicated how busy and built up and area is
- room for human error such as miscount and points may provide anomalies which would affect the mean average
What did you do for the litter survey, why is it useful, evaluation?
- record how much litter can be seen at each of the 4 points
- gives an indication of how clean an area is so may reflect the money and respect put into its care and cleaning, its quantitive so provides numerical data
- however, it’s subjective as it is being observed so there may be miscounted or areas not seen
What did you do for the questionnaire, why is it useful, evaluation?
Ask 4-5 people across the 4 areas asking a variety if questions to indicate QOL such as how can this are be improved and opinions?
- personal analysis which is lacked in quantitive data and indicates QOL that isn’t based on economic or litter/noise factors
- extremely subjective and doesn’t provide numerical data harder to find average
How can an urban enquiry be limited?
- subjective data
- time of day and week influences results
- weather and temperature may reflect amount of traffic and reluctancy to answer questions
- bias sampling (not choosing dodgy areas may affect results)
What was our rural enquiry question?
An investigation into the downstream changes and the flood risk of the river tillingbourne
What is the method for measuring width of the river?
- select a suitable area
- stretch the 30m tape measure 2cm above water level and taut, across the bank from left to right
- ensure to be looking upstream so tape measure is perpendicular to flow of water
- read the width in meters and record
What was the justification for measuring width or rivers?
- width was measured to see evidence of downstream change in this variable - it increases downstream
- 30m tale measure was used as it has greater flexibility so allows greater accuracy and it is accessible/cheap
- this method was told as it was quick and simple as well as giving results in accurate measurements
What was the evaluation for measuring width of rivers?
- presence of vegetarians on the side of banks obscured the bank edges for even more accurate readings
- tape measure was difficult to keep taut and untangled which could creates inaccuracies
- instead select and area with no vegetation and use a metal tape measure
What was the method for measuring depth?
- record depth 11 times at equal intervals by dividing total width by 10 using a 1m ruler
- using a meter ruler measure depth at each interval starting on left
- make sure to place the rule to the bottom of the river
- ensure it is streamlined by holding it parallel to the direction of flow
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Hazardous Earth72
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Consuming Energy Resources40
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Fieldwork41
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Forests Under Threat36
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Hazardous Earth - Case Studies14
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People And The Biospshere24
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UK human landscape50
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Development Dynamics79
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Indonesia Case Study - Development Dynamics57
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Challenges Of An Urbanising World37
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Case Study - Jakarta (topic 3)45
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Challenges Of An Urbanising World - collaborative keynote62
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UK's Physical Landscape89
