Castration

Question 1

this emasculator doesn’t stay closed, so often leads to less even tension

Answer 1

white

Question 2

steps for open castration (4)

Answer 2

1. incise scrotum and parietal tunic
2. dissect ligament of tail of epididymus
3. exteriorize testicle + spermatic cord
4. emasculate spermatic cord (***leaves parietal tunic OPEN)

Question 3

steps for closed castration in horses (6)

Answer 3

1) incise ONLY scrotum: parallel; cranial to caudal; 1 cm from median raphe
2) strip away scrotal fascia + ligament (all CT tissue): towards body wall; meanwhile hold teste with towel clamp
3) emasculate: parietal tunic contents + cremaster together; check that nut is tight + blades opposed; apply emasculator “nut to nut”; no tension/tugging when crushing
4) stretch incision cranial-caudal
5) trim excess fascia
6) second intention healing

Question 4

standing castration isn’t good for…(4)

Answer 4

• ponies
• donkies
• minis
• hernia

Question 5

pros of using local block for castration (4)

Answer 5

• decreased BP
• decreased cremaster tension -> decreased chance of bleeding
• anesthesia sparing
• less movement

Question 6

this emasculator has a separate handle to engage cut

Answer 6

reimer

Question 7

methods for castrating in ruminants

Answer 7

-bloodless: banding vs. burdizzo

Question 8

what decreases the survival rate after intestinal eventration post castrastion

Answer 8

inguinal approach only during treatment

Question 9

true or false: ALL horses post castration have some degree of non-septic peritonitis -> gut tap post castration often shows >100,000 cell count for up to one week

Answer 9

true

Question 10

signs of nerve damage secondary to castration

Answer 10

paraphimosis

Question 11

incomplete castration most commonly occurs when…

Answer 11

when only epididymis is removed

Question 12

this emasculator spins the cord

Answer 12

henderson castration tool

Question 13

age to castrate horses

Answer 13

1-2 years

Question 14

a horse post castration shows a gut tap with >100,000 cell count. should you be concerned?

Answer 14

ALL horses post castration have some degree of non-septic peritonitis -> gut tap post castration often shows >100,000 cell count for up to one week

only be concerned if decreased glucose in tap or degenerate neutrophils with intracellular bacteria

Question 15

treatment for hydrocele secondary to castrastion

Answer 15

remove parietal tunic

Question 16

open castraion involves incising _______

Answer 16

scrotum AND parietal tunic

Question 17

scirrhous cord indicates…

Answer 17

chronic septic funiculitis

Question 18

most common cause of septic funiculitis

Answer 18

staph

Question 19

How soon will you see changes in TP and PCV if a horse is hemorrhaging post castrastion?

Answer 19

TP decreases after 6 hours

PCV decreases after 12-24 hours

Question 20

aftercare following castration (3)

Answer 20

• NSAIDs
• hydrotherapy only if needed
• forced exercise to limit swelling

Question 21

what increases the risk of septic funiculitus?

Answer 21

increased amyloid A (indicates pre-existing infection) prior to castrastion

Question 22

if a horse has uncontrolled hemorrhage during a castrastion, what should you do?

Answer 22

pack, close, refer

consider antifibrinolytics (aminocaproic acid or formaldehyde)

Question 23

which types of castration involve incising both the scrotum and parietal tunic?

Answer 23

open and semi closed

Question 24

these emasculators crush and cut at the same time

Answer 24

• white

- serra

Question 25

nerve damage during castration usually occurs due to...

Answer 25

when base of penis is mistaken for testes

Question 26

advantages of recumbent castration

Answer 26

better visualization; safer

Question 27

anesthesia used for castration

Answer 27

- xylazine + butorphanol - ketamine or benzo - local: lidocaine + mepivacaine

Question 28

signs of septic funiculitis

Answer 28

draining tract, AFEBRILE, NO pain

Question 29

true or false: you should always place an IV catheter when castrating

Answer 29

true

Question 30

NSAIDs pre-op for castration

Answer 30

- horses: flunixin meglumine or phenylbutazone | - FA: meloxicam

Question 31

what to remember about FAs and local blocks?

Answer 31

they're more sensitive; dilute 0.5-1%

Question 32

age to castrate FAs

Answer 32

<4 months (younger the better; improves meat quality)

Question 33

steps for semi closed castration

Answer 33

1. incise scrotum AND parietal tunic | 2. emasculate spermatic cord AND parietal tunic (-> no cord tissue left behind)

Question 34

methods for castration in horses (3)

Answer 34

- open - closed - semi closed

Question 35

treatment for intestinal eventration post castrastion

Answer 35

refer

Question 36

what must you remember about incomplete castrastion?

Answer 36

ALWAYS submit for histo if you think you're removing a hypoplastic teste to ensure you actually removed it