LAS > Ocular Surgery > Flashcards

Ocular Surgery Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q

what muscle closes eyelids and what is it innervated by?

A

obicularis oculi muscle

auriculopalpebral branch of fascial n.

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2
Q

uses for transpalpebral US (3)

A
  • lens
  • retrobulbar masses
  • ocular chamber
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3
Q

tyndall effect looks at..

A

anterior chamber clarity

+ = uveitis

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4
Q

what part of LA eye exam is unique to LAs?

A
  • digital palpation of palpebral fissure

- digital palpation of dorsal and ventral fornix of conjunctival sac

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5
Q

what disinfectant is safe on eyes?

A

diluted povidone iodine NOT chlorhexidine

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6
Q

block used for ocular akinesia in horses

A

-auriculopalpebral block

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7
Q

block used for ocular anesthesia in horses

A

-supraorbital n. block (branch of frontal n, which is branch of trigeminal)

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8
Q

block used for ocular akinesia in bovine

A

auriculopalpebral block (branch of fascial; targets obicularis oculi)

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9
Q

block used for ocular anesthesia in bovine

A

line block (often too hard to palpate in order to do supraorbital)

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10
Q

blocks used for BOTH ocular anesthesia and akinesia

A

retrobulbar blocks

  • peterson block
  • 4 point block
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11
Q

evaluating retrobulbar blocks (peterson, 4 point)

4

A
  • proptosis (protrusion of eyeball)
  • lack of eye movement when head is turned
  • ipsilateral pupil dilation
  • lack of corneal sensation
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12
Q

options for covering the cornea (3)

A
  • third eyelid flap (mostly ruminants)
  • temporary tarsorrhaphy
  • reversible split lid tarsorrhaphy (RSLT)
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13
Q

surgical treatment for dermoids

A

lamellar superficial keratectomy

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14
Q

main causes of corneal ulcers in equine

A
  • EHV-2

- pseudomonas

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15
Q

never use _____ on corneal ulcers

A

steroids

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16
Q

surgical treatment for corneal ulcers

A

conjunctival flap/graft

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17
Q

ideal suture placement for conjunctival flap/graft

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A

80% thickness of cornea!!!

18
Q

ideal sutures to place when doing a conjunctival flap/graft

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A

simple interrupted using a semicircular needle inserted at 90 degrees using circular motion

19
Q

equipment needed for conjunctival flap/graft

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A
  • bishop-harmon forceps
  • stevens tenotomy scissors
  • castroviejo needle drivers
20
Q

surgical treatment for entropion

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A

short term:

  • skin mattress sutures
  • skin staples
  • Michael wound clips

permanent:
-Hotz Celsus

21
Q

hotz celsus is used to treat

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A

entropion (usually only severe cases like cicatricial entropion)

22
Q

causes of entropion in LAs (5)

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A
  • congenital
  • dehydration in newborns
  • microphthalmus (BVD)
  • spastic (secondary to pain)
  • cicatricial entropion (secondary to scarring)
23
Q

cicatricial entropion

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A

secondary to scarring

24
Q

enucleation

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A

removal of glove ONLY

25
removal of globe ONLY
enucleation
26
eviseration
removal of intraocular contents ONLY
27
removal of intraocular contents only
eviseration
28
when is eviseration commonly used?
for cosmetic reasons in horses involves removing intraocular contents ONLY
29
exenteration
removal of globe AND oribital soft tissues mainly used in cattle
30
main complications of exenteration
hemorrhage entering maxillary sinus-> no longer sterile
31
orbital fractures are considered open if...
they enter maxillary sinus
32
gonioimplant
used to treat glaucoma. increases drainage of aqueous fluid
33
treatment for chronic glaucoma (2)
evisceration (intraocular contents only) or enucleation (globe only)
34
surgical treatment for cataracts
phacoemulsification
35
phacoemulsification
used to treat cataracts
36
ERU often leads to _____ synechia
posterior (lens sticks to iris
37
anterior vs. posterior synechia
anterior: lens sticks to cornea posterior: lens sticks to iris
38
surgical treatment options for ERU
- intravitreal injections - suprachoroidal cyclosporine implants - pars plana vitrectomy (PPV): risk for retinal detachment!!
39
pars plana virtectomy
surgical treatment for ERU risk for retinal detachment!
40
suprachorodial cyclosporine implants
treatment option for ERU
41
how to collect samples for testing in ERU cases (rarely done)
paracentesis
LAS
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