Animal Physiology > Cat Systems > Flashcards

Cat Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

What structure separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities in the cat?

A

Diaphragm

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2
Q

How many lobes does the left lung of the cat have?

A

Three lobes: anterior, medial, posterior

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3
Q

How many lobes does the right lung of the cat have?

A

Four lobes: anterior, medial, posterior, and mediastinal

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4
Q

What are the main regions of the cat stomach?

A

Cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus.

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5
Q

What is the order of the three parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum → Jejunum → Ileum

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6
Q

What are the functions of the liver and gallbladder in digestion?

A

The liver produces bile and the gallbladder stores bile

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7
Q

What are the three formed elements found in blood tissue?

A

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.

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8
Q

What is the most abundant type of leukocyte in typical blood?

A

Neutrophils

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9
Q

What is the function of erythrocytes?

A

Erythrocytes transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

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10
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis major?

A

adducts and rotates the forelimb

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11
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the pectoralis minor?

A

Origin: Sternum

Insertion: Humerus

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12
Q

What is the action of the cleidomastoid?

A

turns the head when acting singly; flexes the neck when acting with its pair

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13
Q

What is the action of the external oblique?

A

Compresses abdominal region.

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14
Q

What is the action of the internal oblique?

A

Also compresses the abdominal region

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15
Q

What is the action of the rectus abdominis?

A

Flexes the trunk and compresses the abdomen.

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16
Q

What is the action of the extensor digitorum communis?

A

Extends the digits

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17
Q

What is the action of the extensor digitorum lateralis?

A

Also extends the digits.

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18
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Extends the carpals.

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19
Q

What is the action of the brachioradialis?

A

Supinates the manus (forepaw)

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20
Q

What structural divisions make up the axial skeleton?

A

Skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.

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21
Q

What bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

A

Pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, forelimbs, and hindlimbs.

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22
Q

What is the function of the frog’s nictitating membrane?

A

protects the eye and keeps it moist while allowing partial vision.

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the tympanic membrane in frogs?

A

detects sound vibrations (serves as an external eardrum).

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24
Q

What is the function of frog forelimbs compared to hindlimbs?

A

Forelimbs support landing; hindlimbs are for jumping and swimming.

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25
Why do male frogs have enlarged thumb pads?
For gripping females during amplexus (mating behavior).
26
What external opening is used for excretion, reproduction, and digestive waste?
The cloacal opening.
27
How can you distinguish frog sexes externally?
Males have larger thumb pads and typically larger tympanic membranes relative to the eye.
28
What is the purpose of frog webbed feet?
To aid efficient swimming.
29
What are the three regions of the cat colon?
Ascending, transverse, descending colon
30
What is the function of the pyloric sphincter in the cat?
Regulates passage of chyme from stomach to duodenum.
31
Where is the cecum located in the cat digestive tract?
At the junction between the small intestine and the colon
32
What is the function of the pancreas?
Produces digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin
33
What structure prevents food from entering the nasal cavity?
The soft palate
34
What organ stores bile in cats?
Gallbladder
35
What structure is supported by C-shaped cartilage rings?
Trachea
36
What is the name of the cavity the lungs reside in?
The pleural cavity.
37
What is the main function of the alveoli in cat lungs?
Gas exchange between air and blood.
38
What membrane surrounds each cat lung?
The visceral pleura.
39
What WBC type is responsible for allergic reactions and fighting parasites?
Eosinophils
40
What leukocyte becomes a macrophage when it leaves the bloodstream?
Monocyte
41
What type of connective tissue is blood classified as?
Specialized connective tissue.
42
What is the largest type of leukocyte?
Monocytes
43
Which formed element is responsible for clotting?
Platelets
44
What is the origin of the pectoralis major?
Manubrium of the sternum.
45
What is the insertion of the pectoralis major?
Humerus
46
What is the origin of the sternomastoid?
Manubrium of the sternum
47
What is the insertion of the cleidomastoid?
Mastoid process of the skull.
48
What is the action of the sternohyoid?
Depresses the hyoid bone.
49
What is the origin of the external oblique?
Lumbodorsal fascia and ribs
50
What is the insertion of the internal oblique?
Linea alba
51
What is the origin of the rectus abdominis?
Pubic symphysis
52
What is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?
Sternum and costal cartilages
53
What is the origin of the extensor digitorum communis?
Lateral surface of humerus.
54
What is the insertion of the extensor digitorum lateralis?
Digits
55
What is the origin of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
56
What is the insertion of the brachioradialis?
Styloid process of the radius
57
What are the five regions of the vertebral column?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal.
58
What part of a long bone contains the marrow?
The medullary cavity
59
What tissue covers the outer surface of bones?
The periosteum
60
What type of cartilage covers joint surfaces?
Articular (hyaline) cartilage
61
What is the functional unit of compact bone?
The osteon (Haversian system).
62
What structures form the cat’s alimentary canal?
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
63
What are the main accessory digestive organs in the cat?
Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
64
What anatomical landmark separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity, influencing digestive organ placement?
Diaphragm
65
What is the first portion of the small intestine into which the stomach empties?
Duodenum
66
Which portion of the small intestine is longest and continues from the duodenum?
Jejunum
67
What is the ending portion of the small intestine that joins the large intestine?
Ileum
68
What is the dome-shaped superior region of the stomach?
Fundus
69
What part of the stomach connects to the duodenum?
pyloric region
70
What is the structure located at the junction between the small intestine and colon?
Cecum
71
What is the purpose of the mesentery attached to the small intestine?
holds the intestines in place and carries blood vessels.
72
Which organ lies just caudal to the diaphragm and is divided into several lobes?
Liver
73
What is the connection between the liver and gallbladder in cats?
The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver.
74
What is the name of the structure leading from the pharynx to the stomach?
Esophagus
75
What is the common region where digestive and respiratory pathways meet in the cat?
Pharynx
76
What digestive organ is partially hidden beneath the stomach and produces enzymes?
Pancreas
77
What are the three major regions of the large intestine in cats?
Ascending, transverse, and descending colon
78
What is the terminal part of the digestive tract where feces are expelled?
rectum leading to the anus
79
What thin membrane covering digestive organs reduces friction inside the abdominal cavity?
visceral peritoneum
80
What two structures prevent food from entering the trachea during swallowing?
epiglottis and the soft palate
81
What is the function of the cardiac sphincter?
prevents backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus.
82
What structure at the top of the trachea contains the vocal cords?
Larynx
83
What flap-like structure prevents food from entering the glottis?
Epiglottis
84
What is the opening between the vocal cords called?
Glottis
85
What structures divide the nasal cavity into left and right halves?
Nasal septum
86
What is the muscular tube dorsal to the trachea?
Esophagus
87
What is the functional purpose of the accessory lung lobe?
It provides extra ventilation surface area and is positioned medially near the heart.
88
Which muscles assist the diaphragm in expanding the thoracic cavity?
external intercostal muscles.
89
What part of the respiratory system humidifies air before reaching the lungs?
nasal mucosa.
90
What prevents the tracheal rings from forming a complete circle?
They are C-shaped, incomplete posteriorly to allow esophageal expansion.
91
What structure carries air from the nasal cavity to the larynx?
nasopharynx
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