CATTLE

Question 1

Milk production in cattle

Answer 1

• Many dairy farms sell male born calves –> Veal production/breeding camp
• Many dairy farms produce their own feed (corn, silage)

Question 2

Milking the cattle

Answer 2

• Earlier by hand
• Automatic milking
• Modern milking parlour options:
  1. Old farms: Stanchions/ Tie-stall facilities (Milkers are brought to the cow, milkers bend down to apply milking machines to the cow)

2. More modern: Recessed parlour, milkers stands in recess such as his arms are at level with the cows udder.
   - Paralell (Milker accesses)
   - Rotary/carousel
   Cows facing center
   Milker accesses udder from rare takes 3-5 min / to give her milk. OBS! Slow milker: Up to 15min.

• Milk speed is separated from milk quality
  Cow –> Strainer and plate heat exchanges –> Tank (Stored a few days at 3 degrees) –> Truck –> Dairy factory (Pasteurized and Processed) –> Product
  (cheese, milk etc)
• Summer period: Grazing in there pasture day and night, only brought in to barn for their milking.
• The production of milk is required that the cow is in lactation; Given birth to a calf.

Question 3

Udder hygiene

Answer 3

Importaint!

Question 4

Cattle Puberty

Answer 4

(8)12-16 month

Question 5

Cattle breeding maturity

Answer 5

15 (13-14) month

Question 6

Cattle domestication, ancestor

Answer 6

Bos Primigenus indisus et taurus
Ancestor: Aurochs
8000 BC
South europe, Mediterranean coast, North Africa, SW Asia.

Question 7

Use of the cattle

Answer 7

Dairy, meat, leather, drought

Question 8

Most important genetic disorders of the cattle

1. Immunodeficiency

Answer 8

1. Immunodeficiency:
   BLAD (Bovine lymphocyte adhesion adherence deficieny)
   - Holstein cattle

Question 9

Most important genetic disorders of the cattle

2. Blood circulation:

Answer 9

2. Blood circulation: Haemostasis platelets bleeding disorders Factor IX deficiency.

Question 10

Most important genetic disorders of the cattle

3. Metabolic diseases (lysosomal storage diseases)

Answer 10

3. Metabolic diseases (lysosomal storage diseases)
   - Glocogenosis V (Pompe disease)
   - Mannosidosis alpha and beta
   - Citrulinaemia
   - DumPs (Deficiency at uridine monophosphate synthase)

Question 11

Most important genetic disorders of the cattle

4. Muscles

Answer 11

4. Muscles
   - Muscular hypertrophy (double muscling as a breed trait in Belgian Blue.
   - Spinal muscular hypertrophy (SMH), Weaver syndrome

Question 12

Most important genetic disorders of the cattle

5. Bones

Answer 12

5. Bones
   - Chondrodysplasia (dexter cattle) “Bulldog calves”
   - Arthrogiposis
   - Complex vertebral malformation CVM - Holstein catle
   - Atresia, Agenesia: Atresia colli, Nephritis
   - Intersexes
   - Endocrine GOITRE (Africal goat)

Question 13

Most important genetic disorders of the cattle

6. Skin and Hair

Answer 13

6. Skin and Hair
   - Albinism
   - Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta
   - Hypotrichosis
   - Oligodontia
   - Parakeratosis