ANIMAL BREEDING > HORSE > Flashcards

HORSE Flashcards

(39 cards)

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1
Q

Puberty

A

16-18 months
Full breeding maturity: >2 years
Normal/common: 3-5 years

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2
Q

Genetic features

A

Uniparous
Low reproduction feature (long pregnancy time)
Late puberty
Seasonal sexual activity

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3
Q

Sexual activity

A

Seasonal poly oestrus

–> Exept CARMAGUE horses(short season, monooestrus)

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4
Q

Breed season

A

February-August
Monooestrus (spring)
Fertillity increase march-tune

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5
Q

OVARIAN CYCLE

  • length
  • Ovulation
  • Twin ovulations
A
  • 20-21 days (biphasic)
  • Normally spontanious ; final phase of heat
  • Rarely
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6
Q

HEAT/OESTRUS

  • Duration of heat
  • Foal heat
  • Heat signs
  • Practical HEAT DETECTION
A
  • 3-5 days (7)
  • 9th day after foaling
  • Relaxed, hyperaemic external genitals, freq. urination
  • “Teasing”

To maximise the conception, the breeding should be done within 12 hours of ovulation.

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7
Q

Cycle and ovulation detection

A
  1. Behavioural
  2. Rectal and vaginal examination
  3. Hormonal levels
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8
Q

Mating methods

A
  1. Naturally

2. AI

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9
Q

Gestation

A

336 dags (326-350 days)

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10
Q

Preg detection

A
  1. Rectal and vaginal examination
  2. Hormonal examination
  3. Ultrasound
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11
Q

Evolution and domestication of the horse, micro-evolutionary consequences, related species, inter species hybrides

EVOLUTION of the horse

A

Well documented archeologically
Most important evolutionary forms of the hose is:
- Eo-, Meso-, Mio-, Merry-, Pliohippus and Equus.

Horse evolution covers a period of 60 million years

Most important changes during this period:

  • Body Size
  • Feed
  • Toe reduction

Omnivorus -> grasseating steppe(savannah) animals.

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12
Q

Evolution and domestication of the horse, micro-evolutionary consequences, related species, inter species hybrides

DOMESTICATION

A

5000-6000 years ago (Central asia)
TARPAN (extinct)
PREZEWALSKI horse (Taki)
4000 BC, SE-EUROPE

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13
Q

Evolution and domestication of the horse, micro-evolutionary consequences, related species, inter species hybrides

MICROEVOLUTIONARY consequences

A

Fusion of chromosomes: 2n number: Wild & Domestic =
66/64, Ass = 62

Mutation and selection: Higher diversity, >200 breeds

Size
Weight 
Colour
Decreased effective feed conversion, 
Accelerated ageing

SENSITIVE (less resistance)

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14
Q

Evolution and domestication of the horse, micro-evolutionary consequences, related species, inter species hybrides

SPECIES

A

Wild horses:
Tarpan (extinct)
Prezewalski horse (taki)

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15
Q

Evolution and domestication of the horse, micro-evolutionary consequences, related species, inter species hybrides

INTERSPECIES Hybrids

A 
MULE = (Male ass/jack * Mare) = Usally sterile
HINNY/JENNET = Female ass * Stallion = Usually sterile

MALE hybrids always sterile, females may be fertile

ZORSE = Female Zebra * Stallion
ZONKEY = Donkey + Zebra
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16
Q

SPANISH HORSES and spanish DESCENDENTS

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A

Spanish and Neapolitan horses and derivates (all-round, saddle, harness horses)

ANDALUSIAN/PRE
ALTER-REAL
LUISITANO
LIPIZZANER

17
Q

SPANISH HORSES and spanish DESCENDENTS

ANDALUSIAN/PRE

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A
  • Spanish riding school
  • 1 of 2 subspecies of Iberian horses
    (Luisitano is the other)
  • Exellent in dressage
    (Powerfull and elegant movements)
  • Lean, Compact, Powerfull
  • Convex profile, big eyes
  • 80% Grey, bay, black (“white” when 7years)
  • Mature late, saddled at 4years, mature at 7years
  • Compact body, strong hindquarters, big mane and tail.
18
Q

SPANISH HORSES and spanish DESCENDENTS

ALTER REAL

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A

Portugals andalusian

19
Q

SPANISH HORSES and spanish DESCENDENTS

LUSITANS

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A

Portugeese bullfighter

20
Q

SPANISH HORSES and spanish DESCENDENTS

LIPIZZANER

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A
  • Accosiated with the spanish riding school (Vienna)
  • Baroque horse for military purpose
  • Can be traced back to six stallions
  • Compact, Powerfull hindquarters
  • Strong head, convex profile
  • Well muscled neck
  • Short cannons, Strong bones
  • Naturally well balanced
  • ## “Airs-above ground”
21
Q

SPANISH HORSES and spanish DESCENDENTS
LIPIZZANER
What are the names of the 6 stallions?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Pluto
  2. Conversano
  3. Neapolitano
  4. Favory
  5. Siglavy
  6. Maestoso
22
Q

SPANISH HORSES and spanish DESCENDENTS
LIPIZZANER
What are the “Airs above ground”

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Levade
  2. Courbette
  3. Capriole
  4. Croupade
  5. Piaffe, Passage, Piruette etc
23
Q

Main reproductive features and traits of the horse (Breeding season, raising foal)

PUBERTY

Study These Flashcards
A

16-18th months

24
Q

Main reproductive features and traits of the horse (Breeding season, raising foal)

Full Breeding maturity

Study These Flashcards
A

Over 2 years, most common btw 3-5 years

25
Main reproductive features and traits of the horse (Breeding season, raising foal) Sexual activity
Seasonal polyoestrus (except CARMAGUE: Mono)
26
Main reproductive features and traits of the horse (Breeding season, raising foal) Breeding season
February-> August. Increased fertility btw march and june Wildhorses: Monoestrus (Spring)
27
Main reproductive features and traits of the horse (Breeding season, raising foal) Frequent disorders
Anovulatory (Only follicular phase)
28
Main reproductive features and traits of the horse (Breeding season, raising foal) Breeding cycle
Biphasic 1. Proestrus, (1-2) Incr. Estrogen 2. Estrus (3-5) Estrogen 4-6 days. FOLLICULAR PHASE 3. Metestrus (6-7) 2 days 4. Diestrus (12-13) Increased production of progesteron produced by CL. 14-15 LUTEAL PHASE Ovulation after day 5
29
Main reproductive features and traits of the horse (Breeding season, raising foal) PROESTRUS
1st stage of oestrus cycle (dependent at endometrium and ovarian follicles).
30
Main reproductive features and traits of the horse (Breeding season, raising foal) OESTRUS
``` 2nd stage(before metestrus), receptive to male and mating. HEAT Follicular 3-5 (7days) ```
31
Main reproductive features and traits of the horse (Breeding season, raising foal) METESTRUS
3rd stage, before diestrus. (Sexual inactivity and formation of corpus luteum) 2 days
32
Main reproductive features and traits of the horse (Breeding season, raising foal) DIESTRUS
Last stage, before next cycle Proestrus.(Functional corpus luteum, increased progesteron) 12-13 days. CORPUS LUTEAL
33
Main reproductive features and traits of the horse (Breeding season, raising foal) ANESTRUS
No estrus
34
Main reproductive features and traits of the horse (Breeding season, raising foal) FOAL heat
9th day after foaling.
35
Main reproductive features and traits of the horse (Breeding season, raising foal) HEAT SIGN
Increased blood flow to external genitalia Increased urination Holding tale, and moving to the side Using a teaser (tolerate when ready)
36
Main reproductive features and traits of the horse (Breeding season, raising foal) Natural Live mating
Covering 2nd and 5th or 3rd and 6th day in HEAT
37
Main reproductive features and traits of the horse (Breeding season, raising foal) Cycle and ovulation diagnostics
Behaviour Rectal examination Hormone levels (LH, Progesterone)
38
Main reproductive features and traits of the horse (Breeding season, raising foal) Pregnancy
336 days (326-350 days) approx 10/11mnd
39
Main reproductive features and traits of the horse (Breeding season, raising foal) The process/cycle of ovulation
1. FSH + Luteinizing hormone stimulates the Pituitary gland. Increased day light 2. FSH--> Blood stream --> Ovaries Initiate development of a follicle, contain a OVUM 3. Developed follicle produce estrogen -> Bloodstream 4. Estrogen is responsible for the clinical sign of oestrus 5. The LUTEINIZING hormone causes the follicle on ovary to rupture (=Ovulation) 6. Rupture of follicle (Engored with blood) and luteinized --> Corpus Luteum (Produce progesterone) 7. Release of progesterone inhibits the production of Luteinizing hormone (No oestrus sign) 8. Function of progesterone is to maintain pregnancy 9. No conception --> Prostaglandins into blood stream = CL regression
ANIMAL BREEDING
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