CAVUS CLASSIFICATIONS

Question 1

primary sagittal plane deformity
-excessive plantarflexion of forefoot on rearfoot

forefoot, lesser tarsal, metatarsal, combined cavus

compensation

• contracted digits
• reverse buckling at MPJ and ankle
• tarsal sagittal plane flexibilitu

Answer 1

anterior cavus (anterior equines)

Question 2

primarily an STJ deformity

increased calcaneal inclination

Answer 2

posterior cavus

Question 3

transverse plane deformity at the MTJ or Lisfranc joint

Answer 3

cavoadductus foot

Question 4

right rearfoot varus vs functional forefoot deformity (flexible PF 1st met)

Answer 4

hindfoot varus

Question 5

seen in pseudo equines, gastrosoleus equines, osseous ankle equines, lack of dorsiflexion at ankle joint observed

clinical evaluation

• mental status
• muscle strength testing (place muscle (Tibialis anterior) in contracted position and then apply resistance)
• complete history
• thorough physical exam
• deformity, weakness, incoordination
• plantar keratitis lesions
• ankle instability
• stress fx
• abnormal shoe wear
• digital contractures
• muscle weakness

Answer 5

posterior equines

Question 6

gait evaluation for posterior equines?

Answer 6

wide base, short and high steps, foot slap, not a narrow gait

propulsiveness

antalgic

extensor substitution

heel varus

ataxia

ankle instability