whats the basis?
The way you think and what you do are interlinked i.e. the way we think affects our thoughts and behaviours. We must identify these thoughts and feelings to correct them.
- aims to identify negative though processes i.e. catastrophising etc
Behavioural aspect of CBT
- CBT draws on behavioural therapy (reinforcement theories)
cog aspects of CBT
Cognitive therapies (which states that thoughts, feelings and behavior are all connected, and that individuals can move toward overcoming difficulties and meeting their goals by identifying and changing unhelpful or inaccurate thinking, problematic behavior, and distressing
Limitations of CBT
- Works best with voluntary, motivated clients. Those who lack a sense of self efficacy also will struggle
- —-> Motivational interviewing shown to be effective
- some think their “distorted” thinking to a basic flaw in their humanity.
- CBT also can present a problem for clients with anxiety, especially if a focus on their thoughts is part of their troubles to begin with
- Takes longer than other approaches
- Doesn’t include family into it directly - implications for relapse (sz)
- long wait times/ not available (VRET as alternative?see SA)
advantages for CBT
- less training required
- it is effective for MANY things (disorders -> pain management –> parent training)
- cross cultural/ can be adapted for various backgrounds (EG Cambodian refugees w panic attacks -> “In this study of traumatized Cambodian refugees, a culturally adapted CBT treatment focusing on PTSD and comorbid panic attacks was efficacious.”
- CBT the first therapy to be intro to chinese culture & is now widely used there
WHY IS CBT SO USEFUL CROSS CULTURALLY? (3)
1) CBT places more focus on conscious processes. It relies more on action rather than verbal expression. Thus, it reduces the effects of linguistic and cultural barriers.
2) It uses the client’s own strengths and support systems to facilitate changes and coping strategies, factors that are presumably founded on the client’s own cultural background.
3) recognizes the idiographic nature of the client’s problems
CBT & research (pros & cons)
pros – easy to research
OR
is it just easierrr to research than other types of therapy
????????????
other therapies have comparable effects??????????
NHS & CBT
- potential cuts to CBT
- “seeing more people” but people having less time in CBT
is less time in CBT a bad thing?
Appaz not
1) short group CBT treatment programme used in this study may be beneficial for patients with somatization disorder
2) In GAD, short CBT yield large and stable effects 12 months after treatment.
3) PTSD Symptoms in Children Following the Athens 1999 Earthquake - found to be effective
CBT AND MAIN AREAS OF HELP
The strongest support exists for CBT of anxiety disorders (also maternal OCD; “not crazy” thoughts), somatoform disorders, bulimia, anger control problems, and general stress.
CBT vs VRET anxiety
- Although CBT was as effective as CBT plus VRET, twice as many subjects dropped out of CBT (significant difference) and therefore the originally planned randomized design was changed to a weighted assignment.
third wave CBT (5)
- Concepts such as metacognition, acceptance, mindfulness, personal values, and spirituality are frequently incorporated into what might otherwise be considered traditional behavioral intervention
- Third wave methods emphasized such issues as mindfulness, emotions, acceptance, the relationship, values, goals, and meta‐cognition.
- quite often used in normal practice (esp mindfulness, emotions and acceptance‐based procedures;
- expanding their targets from the mere reduction of symptoms to the development of skills aimed at significantly improving the quality and quantity of activity in which the patient finds value.
- doesnt matter what the diagnosis is necessarily
