CCLec Electrolytes

Question 1

Ions capable of carrying electric charge

Answer 1

electrolytes

Question 2

T or F

anions are positively charged and move towards the anode

Answer 2

F; negative

Question 3

Where are electrolytes filtered in the body

Answer 3

glomerulus

Question 4

identify the electrolytes responsible for the following function:

volume & osmotic regulation

Answer 4

Na, Cl, K

NaCK

Question 5

identify the electrolytes responsible for the following function:

Myocardial rhythm & contractility

Answer 5

K, Mg, Ca

Question 6

identify the electrolytes responsible for the following function:

cofactors in enzyme activation

Answer 6

Mg, Ca, Zn

Question 7

identify the electrolytes responsible for the following function:

regulation of ATPase Ion pumps

Answer 7

Mg

Question 8

what is the Na:K ratio

Answer 8

3:2

*Na outside, K inside

Question 9

identify the electrolytes responsible for the following function:

acid-base balance

Answer 9

K, Cl

Question 10

identify the electrolytes responsible for the following function:

blood coagulation

Answer 10

Mg, Ca

Question 11

identify the electrolytes responsible for the following function:

neuromuscular excitability

Answer 11

K, Mg, Ca

Question 12

identify the electrolytes responsible for the following function:

production and use of ATP from glucose

Answer 12

Mg, PO4

Question 13

Diffusion or Passive transport is also called as?

Answer 13

osmoregulation

Question 14

water comprises ___% of the total body weight

Answer 14

40-75%

Question 15

water is located in which 3 compartments of the body

Answer 15

1. Intracellular
2. Intravascular plasma
3. Interstitial

Question 16

intravascular plasma is __% water

Answer 16

93%

Question 17

the principal organ in regulating the volume and composition of body fluids are the ?

Answer 17

Kidneys

Question 18

water excretion occurs in the skin through?

Answer 18

perspiration

Question 19

water excretion occurs in the lungs through?

Answer 19

lungs

Question 20

water excretion occurs in the GI tract through?

Answer 20

urination & defecation

Question 21

physical property of solution that is based on concentration of solutes (mmol/kg) of solvent

Answer 21

Osmolality

Question 22

physiological responses that regulates osmolality

Answer 22

1. thirst
2. secretion of AVP by hypothalamus

Question 23

Dehydration (or low Blood volume) and salt ingestion leads to ____?

Answer 23

increased blood osmolality

*homeostasis through negative feedback

Question 24

which substances are actively transported?

Answer 24

glucose
amino acids
salts
chloride
sodium

Question 25

which substances are passively transported?

Answer 25

water urea sodium

Question 26

glucose, amino acids, and salts are reabsorbed where?

Answer 26

PCT

Question 27

chloride is reabsorbed where?

Answer 27

Ascending loop of Henle

Question 28

sodium is reabsorbed where?

Answer 28

PCT and DCT

Question 29

water is reabsorbed where?

Answer 29

PCT, descending loop, Collecting ducts

Question 30

urea is reabsorbed where?

Answer 30

PCT, ascending loop

Question 31

sodium is reabsorbed where?

Answer 31

ascending loop

Question 32

two major hormone systems that contribute to the regulation of fluid & electrolyte balance in the body

Answer 32

1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 2. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

Question 33

which hormone is responsible for water retention

Answer 33

ADH

Question 34

which hormone is responsible for sodium retention

Answer 34

RAAS (renin angiotensin aldosterone system)

Question 35

hormone that maintains osmotic homeostasis

Answer 35

Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) hormone

Question 36

half-life of AVP hormone

Answer 36

15-20 mins

Question 37

T or F AVP hormone regulates total conc. of blood through water balance

Answer 37

T

Question 38

T or F AVP hormone is a tetrapeptide

Answer 38

F; nonapeptide

Question 39

primary organ responsible for osmotic regulation

Answer 39

hypothalamus

Question 40

what is the normal serum osmolality value?

Answer 40

275-295 mosm/kg

Question 41

what would happen in a 1-2% increase in serum osmolality?

Answer 41

4x AVP

Question 42

what would happen in a 1-2% decrease in serum osmolality?

Answer 42

shut off AVP