CD 3

Question 1

This is what you describe any disease that passes from one person to another. It is usually mild and symptoms pass after a few days.

Answer 1

Communicable Disease

Question 2

What are the most common Communicable Disease?

Answer 2

• COVID-19
• Pneumonia
• Tuberculosis

Question 3

This is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Answer 3

Nature and Cause

Question 4

This emerged in Wuhan City, Hubei, China in December 2019. Belong to lineage B of the genus Betacoronavirus. And is closely related to SARS-CoV (responsible for SARS outbreak in Hong Kong in 2003).

Answer 4

SARS-CoV-2

Question 5

Ways of Exposure:

Answer 5

1. Inhalation of very fine respiratory droplets and aerosol particles.
2. Deposition of respiratory droplets and particles on exposed mucous membranes in the mouth, nose, or eye by direct splashes and sprays.
3. Touching mucous membranes with hands that have been soiled either directly by virus-containing respiratory fluids or indirectly by touching surfaces with virus on them.

Question 6

What are the most common symptoms after exposure?

Answer 6

• Fever
• Cough
• Tiredness
• Loss of taste and/or smell

Question 7

What are the least common symptoms after exposure?

Answer 7

• Sore throat
• Headache
• Aches and pains
• Diarrhea
• Rash on skin or discoloration of fingers or toes
• Red or irritated eyes

Question 8

What are the serious symptoms after exposure?

Answer 8

• Difficulty of breathing or shortness of breath
• Loss of speech or mobility or confusion
• Chest pain

Question 9

Prevention & Control for Less Exposure

Answer 9

1. Practice frequent and proper handwashing
2. Practice proper cough etiquette
3. Cover mouth and nose using tissue when coughing or sneezing
4. Move away from people when coughing
5. Do not spit in public
6. Throw away used tissues properly
7. Always wash your hands after sneezing or coughing
8. Wear protective gear
9. Maintain distance of at least 1m
10. Avoid unprotected contact with farm or wild animals
11. Ensure that food is well-cooked

Question 10

In nature, this is when the alveoli is filled with pus and fluid, which makes breathing painful and limits oxygen intake.

Answer 10

Pneumonia

Question 11

Which type of causative agent is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in children?

Answer 11

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Question 12

Which type of causative agent is the 2nd most common cause of bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 12

Haemophilus Influenza Type B (Hib)

Question 13

Which type of causative agent is the most common viral
cause?

Answer 13

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Question 14

This is one of the most common causes of pneumonia and responsible for at least one quarter of all pneumonia deaths in HIV-infected infants.

Answer 14

HIV Pneumocystis Jiroveci

Question 15

Signs and Symptoms of Pneumonia

Answer 15

1. Cough (yellow, green, or bloody mucus)
2. Fever, sweating, ang shaking chills
3. Shortness of breath
4. Rapid, shallow breathing
5. Sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when you breathe deeply or cough
6. Loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue
7. Nausea or vomiting (usually children)
8. Confusion (usually adults)

Question 16

Mode of Transmission of Pneumonia

Answer 16

1. Air-borne
2. Droplets (from cough or sneeze)
3. Through blood (during or shortly after birth)

Question 17

Prevention for Pneumonia

Answer 17

1. Immunization against Hib, pneumococcus, measles, and whooping cough (pertussis)
2. Adequate nutrition to improve children’s natural defenses (exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life)
3. Addressing environmental factors
4. Good hygiene
5. Antibiotic cotrimoxazole (for children infected with HIV)

Question 18

This is a contagious infection that usually attacks your lungs. It can spread to other parts of the body (brain and spine).

Answer 18

Tuberculosis

Question 19

Causative Agent of Tuberculosis.

Answer 19

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Question 20

This type of tuberculosis have the germs in your body but the immune system keeps them from spreading. This is asymptomatic and not contagious. The infection is still alive and can be active one day.

Answer 20

Latent TB

Question 21

This type of Tuberculosis have germs multiple/multiply and make you sick and it can spread the disease to others.

Answer 21

Active TB

Question 22

Symptoms of an Active TB

Answer 22

1. Cough (3 weeks)
2. Chest pain
3. Coughing of blood
4. Feeling tired all the time
5. Chills
6. Night sweats
7. Loss of appetite
8. Fever
9. Weight Loss

Question 23

Prevention & Control for TB

Answer 23

1. Take all your medication (latent TB)
2. Limit your contact with other people (active TB)
3. If traveling to a place where TB is common, avoid spending a lot of time in crowded places with sick people
4. Immunization

Question 24

Involves a disorder of structure or function in humans, especially one that produces specific symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply direct result of physical injury

Answer 24

Disease

Question 25

Forming a triangle with 3 interactive elements

Answer 25

Epidemiologic Triad

Question 26

The interaction of the three dynamic elements of the epidemiological triad results to:

Answer 26

Disease

Question 27

Accounts to multifactorial nature of causation of a particular disease

Answer 27

Causal Pies

Question 28

What is the **3 components of the infectious disease model**?

Answer 28

Host, Pathogen, Environment

Question 29

Prone or increase of inclination

Answer 29

Susceptible

Question 30

Focus of the stage of susceptibility

Answer 30

Exposure to pathogen

Question 31

Focus of Stage of subclinical disease

Answer 31

Determining changes

Question 32

**True or False**. During the stage of subclinical disease, the individual appears to be asymptomatic.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

When conditions worsen, it leads to

Answer 33

Chronic Disease?

Question 34

Involves a range as to the effect of disease process in an individual from mild to severe or fatal which ultimately results to either in recovery, disability, or death

Answer 34

Spectrum of Disease

Question 35

Refers to the proportion of exposed persons who become infected

Answer 35

Infectivity

Question 36

Refers to the proportion of infected individuals who develop clinically apparent disease

Answer 36

Pathogenicity

Question 37

Refers to the proportion of clinically apparent cases that are severe or fatal

Answer 37

Virulence

Question 38

This is the result of continuous interaction of the elements that could lead to the transmission of agent from one susceptible host towards another as it takes place

Answer 38

Chain of Infection

Question 39

Skin-to-skin contact, kissing and sexual intercourse are examples of what kind of mode of transmission?

Answer 39

Direct Contact

Question 40

Spray with relatively large, short-range aerosols produced by sneezing, coughing, or even talking are examples of what kind of mode of transmission?

Answer 40

Droplet spread