1
Q
A type of disease that is slow and progressive. This is a type of disease that occurs in an individual which cannot be transmitted towards another person.
A
Non-Communicable Diseases
2
Q
Non-Communicable Diseases are chronic or infectious in nature?
A
Chronic (Long Duration)
3
Q
What is the leading cause of death to people?
A
Non-Communicable Diseases
4
Q
Other name/term for Non-Communicable Diseases and has something to do with our day-to-day living, food, activities, inclination to various practices, and predisposes an individual to develop such in due time.
A
Lifestyle-Related Diseases
5
Q
Products of unhealthy habits which includes behavioral and modifiable risk factors.
- Result of unhealthy habits
- Behavioral and modifiable risk factors like: smoking, alcohol abuse, consuming too much fat, salt, and sugar, and physical inactivity - DOH
A
Lifestyle
6
Q
Genetic origin of an individual. Passed from a parent to their child.
A
Hereditary
7
Q
Includes the occupational setting where we work on our own
A
Environmental
8
Q
What are the four types of non-communicable diseases?
A
- Diabetes mellitus
- Cardiovascular disease
- Cancer
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
9
Q
Diabetes mellitis, cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
A
NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
10
Q
Diabetes mellitus is defined as an 8-hr fasting glucose level of ___ mg/dL or higher
A
126
11
Q
Excessive blood glucose. Resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
A
Hyperglycemia
12
Q
Diabetes Mellitus happens when the pancreas does not produce ___.
A
Insulin
13
Q
What is Type l DM?
A
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) or Juvenile-onset Diabetes Mellitus
14
Q
Which type of DM is caused by the body attacking its own pancreas with antibodies?
A
Type l DM
15
Q
- Genetic
- Environment
- May be acquired due to viruses & chemical toxins
What type of DM?
A
Type I DM
16
Q
Type II DM is also known as:
A
Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDM)
17
Q
Which is the most common type of DM where the pancreas makes less insulin than used to, and your body becomes resistant to insulin?
A
Type II DM
18
Q
Type II DM is characterized by HDR cholesterol lower than ___, and triglyceride level over ___.
A
40 mg/dL, 150 mg/dL??
19
Q
Insufficient amount of Insulin is called:
A
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
20
Q
Inability of the cells to use hormone, which inhibits the cell’s ability to absorb and then use the glucose for metabolic processes.
A
Insulin resistance
21
Q
Type of diabetes brought by pregnancy hormones.
A
Gestational Diabetes (GD)
22
Q
3 P’s of DM
A
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Polyphagia
23
Q
Excessive/Frequent Urination
A
Polyuria (More than 3 L a day)
24
Q
Excessive Thirst
A
Polydipsia (Dry mouth —> xerostamia)
25
Excessive Hunger/Eating lots amount of Food
Polyphagia
26
What do you call the screening test for Blood Sugar?
FBS TEST or Fasting Blood Sugar Test
27
A **normal** Glucose level is equivalent to ____ mg/dL.
100
28
A **prediabetes** Glucose level is equivalent to ____ mg/dL.
100-125
29
This type of screening requires individuals to have **no food or drink for 8-12 hours** prior to test.
2-Hour Blood Sugar Test or Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
30
This type of Screening test requires the individual of their blood taken and put on a test strip. Blood test is taken from the fingertips using a lancet, then put in a glucometer
Random Blood Sugar Test a.k.a. Casual Blood Glucose Test
31
**KEY AREAS FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF DIABETES MELLITUS**
- Maintain body weight & prevent obesity
- Encourage proper nutrition
- Promote regular physical activity & exercise
- Smoking cessation for active smokers & prevent exposure to second hand smoke
32
This is a sustained elevation in mean arterial pressure
Hypertension
33
Hypertension’s sustained systolic BP of ___ mmHg or more & sustained DBP of ____ mmHg or more based on measurements done during at least 2 visits taken at least 1 week apart
140, 90
34
**Classifications** of Hypertension:
- PRIMARY or ESSENTIAL or IDIOPATHIC HPN
- SECONDARY HPN
35
**Risk Factors** of Hypertension:
- Family Hx
- Age
- High Salt Intake
- Obesity
- Excessive Alcohol Intake
36
**KEY AREAS FOR PREVENTION OF HPN**
- Encourage proper nutrition
- Prevent becoming overweight or obese
- Smoking cessation
- Identify people with risk factors & encourage regular check-ups for possible HPN & modification of risk factors.
37
This is a heart disease caused by impaired coronary blood flow.
Coronary Heart Disease
38
What is the other term for Coronary Artery Disease?
ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
39
This usually occurs when a person has high levels of cholesterol in the blood.
Atherosclerosis
40
- Elevated blood lipids/cholesterol
- HPN
- Smoking
- Diabetes Mellitus or DM
- Obesity
- Physical inactivity/Sedentary Lifestyle
- Stress
What type of risk factors?
**Modifiable** Risk Factors
41
- Heredity/Family hx
- Gender
- Increasing age
What type of risk factors?
**Non-Modifiable** Risk Factors
42
**KEY AREAS FOR PREVENTION OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE**
- Promote regular physical activity & exercise
- Encourage proper nutrition
- Maintain body weight & prevent obesity
- Smoking cessation: active & passive smoking
- Early dx, prompt tx, & control of diabetes & HPN
43
This describes the **loss or alteration of bodily function** that results from an insufficient supply of blood to some parts of the BRAIN. One of the **leading causes of disability**.
Cerebrovascular Disease or Stroke
44
This is a stroke caused by a **thrombus** (blood clot) that develops in the arteries supplying blood to the brain.
Thrombotic Stroke
45
This type of stroke usually caused by a **blood clot** that forms elsewhere in the body (embolus) and travels through the bloodstream to the brain. Embolic strokes often result from **heart disease or heart surgery** and occur rapidly and **without any warning signs**.
Embolic Stroke
46
This stroke happens due to **bleeding into the brain** by the **rupture of a blood vessel**. This stroke may be further **subdivided into intracerebral hemorrhage** (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Hemorrhagic stroke is associated with **severe morbidity** and **high mortality**.
Hemorrhagic stroke
47
A **blood clot forms** in an artery in the brain that is already narrowed by cholesterol deposits.
Thrombosis
48
A block in an artery in the brain by a piece of material like a blood clot, piece of fat or **air bubble** traveling in the blood from another part of the body.
Embolism
49
An artery in the brain **bursts and bleeds**. This may be due to high blood pressure, head injury or a weal artery wall from birth.
Bleeding
50
An artery in the brain is pinched by **spasm or a tumor**.
Compression
51
- Increasing age
- Sex
- Hereditary & race
- HPN
- Smoking
- DM
- Heart Disease
- High RBC count
- Season & climate
- Socio-economic factors
- Excessive alcohol intake
- Certain kinds of drug abuse
Risk factors of Stoke
52
**KEY AREAS FOR PREVENTION OF STROKE**
- Tx & control of HPN
- Smoking cessation, smoke free environement
- Prevent thrombus formation in RHD & arrhythmias with appropriate medications
- Limit alcohol consumption
- Avoid IV drug abuse & cocaine
- Prevent all other risk factors of atherosclerosis
53
Characterized by **uncontrolled growth** & spread of abnormal cells
Cancer
54
Direct migration & penetration by cancer cells into neighboring tissues.
Invasion
55
Ability of cancer to penetrate into lymphatic & blood vessels, circulate through the bloodstream, & then invade normal tissues elsewhere in the body.
Metastasis
56
These are tumors are those that stay in their primary location without invading other sites of the body. Mass stays in a particular place, movable.
Benign
57
These are abnormal cells divide **without control** and can invade nearby tissues. These cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. Tumor that invades and infiltrates sure ending tissue
Malignant
58
Causes of Cancer:
- Hereditary/Family hx
- Carcinogens
- Chemicals & environmental agents
- Benzopyrene
- Nitrosamines
- Radiations
- Viruses
59
**Risk Factors:**
- Tobacco use, including cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco & snuff
- Radiation exposure
- Second-hand smoke
Lung Cancer
60
**Risk Factors:**
- Tobacco use (cigarette, cigar, pipe, smokeless tobacco)
- Excessive alcohol use
- Chronic irritation (e.g. ill-fitting dentures)
- Vitamin A deficiency
Oral Cancer
61
**Risk Factors:**
- Tobacco use (cigarette, cigar, pipe, smokeless tobacco)
- Poor nutrition
- Alcohol
- Weakened immune system
- Occupational exposure to wood dust, paint fumes
- Gender: 4-5 times more common in men
- Age: more than 60 years
Laryngeal Cancer
62
**Risk Factors:**
- Tobacco use (cigarette, cigar, pipe, smokeless tobacco)
- Occupational exposure: dyes, solvents
- Chronic bladder inflammation
Bladder Cancer
63
**Risk Factors:**
- Tobacco use (cigarette, cigar, pipe, smokeless tobacco): increase risk by 40%
- Obesity
- Diet: well-cooked meat
- Occupational exposure: asbestos, organic solvents
- Age: 50-70 years ol
Renal Cancer
64
**Risk Factors:**
- Tobacco use (cigarette, cigar, pipe, smokeless tobacco)
- Human papillomavirus infection
- Chlamydia infection
- Diet: low in fruits & vegetables
- Family hx of cervical cancer
Cervical Cancer
65
**Risk Factors:**
- Tobacco use (cigarette, cigar, pipe, smokeless tobacco)
- Alcohol
- Gender: 3 times more common in men
- Diet: low in fruits & vegetables
Esophageal Cancer
66
**Risk Factors:**
- Early menarche/late menopause
- Age
- High fat diet
- Obesity
- Physical inactivity
- Family hx
- Alcohol consumption
Breast Cancer
67
**Risk Factors:**
- Personal/family hx of polyps
- High fat diet &/or low fiber diet
- Hx of ulcerative colitis
- Age: >50 year
Colonic Cancer
68
**Risk Factors:**
- Urethral Obstruction
• Urinary frequency
• Nocturia
• Decrease in stream
• Post void dribbling
- DRE, PSA
Prostate Cancer
69
**Risk Factors:**
- Certain types of viral hepatitis
- Liver Cirrhosis
- Long-term exposure to aflatoxin
Liver Cancer
70
**Risk Factors:**
- Unprotected exposure to strong sunlight
- Fair complexion
- Occupational exposure
Skin Cancer
71
**Risk Factors:**
- Estrogen replacement therapy
- Early menarche/late menopause
Uterine/Endometrial Cancer
72
**KEY AREAS FOR PRIMARY PREVENTION OF CANCERS**
- Smoking cessation
- Proper diet/nutrition
- Alcoholic beverages in moderation
- Avoid/Control Obesity
- Early diagnosis
73
**CAUTIONUS**
- C: Change in bowel or bladder habits
- A: A Sore that does not heal
- U: Unusual bleeding or discharge
- T: Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
- I: Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing
- O: Obvious change in ware or mole
- N: Nagging cough or hoarseness invoice
- U: Unexplained anemia
- S: Sudden weight loss
74
**SPECIFIC GUIDELINES TO EARLY DETECTION OF COMMON CANCERS**
What are the warning signs of BREAST CANCER?
- Skin changes
- Nipple abnormalities
- Abnormal contours
75
What are the early detection of BREAST CANCER?
- BSE
- Breast mammography
76
What are the warning signs of CERVICAL CANCER?
- Often asymptomatic
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding
77
What are the early detection of CERVICAL CANCER?
- Pap’s Smear
78
What are the warning signs of PROSTATE CANCER?
- Change in stool
- Rectal bleeding
- Pressure on the rectum
- Abdominal pain
79
What are the early detection of PROSTATE CANCER?
- Annual DRE starting at age of 40
- Annual stool blood test starting at age 50
- Annual inspection of colon
80
What are the warning signs of LUNG CANCER?
- Chronic cough or nagging cough
- Dull intermittent, localized pain
- Hx of weight loss
- Persons with long hx of smoking &/or smoking 2 or more packs cigarette per day
81
What are the early detection of LUNG CANCER?
- Chest x-ray
- Sputum cytology
82
**True or False**. High salt intake does not link to hypertension
False. High sodium consumption can raise blood pressure, and high blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke.
83
An abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel
Peripheral vascular disease
84
Blood cholesterol above 200 mg indicate?
Borderline High (Diabetes)
85
What are some or the chemicals (Carcinogens) that causes cancer?
- Asbestos
- Nickel
- Cadmium
- Radon
- Vinyl chloride
- Benzidene
- Benzene.
86
This is the type of Cancer caused by tobacco use and second hand smoking.
Lung Cancer
87
This is what you call the procedure of removing the breast.
Mastectomy
88
This what you call frequent urination at night.
Nocturia
89
Cancer caused by liver cirrhosis and long term exposure to aflatoxin.
Liver Cancer
90
Cancer caused by urethral obstruction.
Urethral Cancer
91
Cancer caused by unprotected exposure to strong sunlight.
Skin Cancer
92
Cancer that requires estrogen replacement therapy.
Endometrial Cancer
93
Surgical removal of the uterus, and most likely, the cervix.
Hysterectomy
94
Airflow limitation that is not fully reversible, usually progressive & associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
95
What is the term that described the low level of oxygen in the blood?
Hypoxemia
96
Too much carbon dioxide is in the blood.
Hypercapnia or Hypercarbia
97
Abnormally elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
Respiratory or metabolic alkalosis.
98
COPD is diagnosed through what procedure?
Spirometry
99
This is operationally defined as a way of life that promotes and protects health and well-being of an individual.
Healthy Lifestyle
100
Heart Month
Febraury
101
World No tobacco day.
May 31, 2023 Wednesday
102
World No Tobacco Month
May
103
Nutrition month
July
104
Mental Health Week
Second Week of October
105
National Health Day
April 7
106
Goal and Objective of Mag-HL Tayo Campaign
To raise the awareness of the Filipinos on the need to practice healthier lifestyles and have an environment supportive of healthy lifestyle.
