1
Q
Give 2 methods of topical fluoride application for an 8-year old child
A
- 22600ppm duraphat varnish
- SDF 44,800Pppm
- fluoride gel
- fluoride toothpaste 1450ppm
2
Q
What mechanism does topical fluoride prevent cavities?
A
- promotes reminerilazation of enamel
- fluoride ions absorbed into enamel forming fluoroapetite, making it more resistant to decay
- inhibits bacteria growth
3
Q
Outline the rationale behind using antibiotics in periodontology
A
- Periodontal disease primarily caused by a bacteria (P. ginigivalis)
- patient may be immunocompromised, antibiotics can prevent systemic infection
4
Q
Indications for antibiotics for periodontology
A
- patient is immunocompromised
- infection is aggressive
- all other treatments have been exhausted
- signs of systemic infection
5
Q
Reasons for carrying out obturation
A
- prevents bacteria remaining in root canal from escaping to periodontal space via apical Forman
- prevents bacteria reaching and infecting root tissue from coronal leakage
- prevents infection of root from peri-radicular exudate
6
Q
Cold lateral compaction steps
A
- choose appropriate GP master cone
- mark length on cone to working length
- place cone in canal and check for tug back
- remove cone and coat in root sealer
- place in canal
- place accessory cones covered in sealer, utilising finger spreader to allow access
- cut coronal end of gp and accessory cones using hot excavator just below acj
7
Q
Minimum data that should be set on a record block
A
- midline
- canine line
- alar-tragal line
8
Q
Technical term for dry socket
A
alveolar osteitis
9
Q
predisposing factors for dry socket
A
- female
- taking oral contraceptives
- mandible
10
Q
Dry socket signs and symptoms
A
- dull aching pain
- moderate to severe
- bad taste
11
Q
Dry socket management
A
- la
- analgesia
- irrigation with warm saline
- antiseptic pack
12
Q
Factors affecting denture retention
A
- depth of undercuts
- thickness of alveolar ridge
13
Q
2 materials that can be used for impressions on mandible
A
- alginate
- greenstick compound
14
Q
Term for an unpleasant sensation or pain
A
- dysaesthesia
15
Q
Term for tingling
A
Paraesthesia
16
Q
reduced sensation
A
hypoaesthesia
17
Q
increased sensation
A
hyperaesthesia
18
Q
neuropraxia
A
contusion of nerve
- continuity of epieneural sheath and axons maintained
19
Q
Axonomesis
A
Axon damaged
- epieneural/myelin sheath intact
20
Q
Neurotmesis
A
- complete loss of nerve continuity
21
Q
Types of tooth bleaching
A
- external vital bleaching
- internal non-vital bleaching
22
Q
Active agent in vital external bleaching
A
Carbamide peroxide
23
Q
Proportion of people with bleaching sensitivity
A
60%
24
Q
Post-bleaching sensitivity risk factors
A
- pre-existing sensitivity
- high conc of bleaching agent
- bleaching method
- gingival recession
25
How can the pulp communicate with the PDL?
- via apical foramen
- via furcal canals
- via lateral/accessory canals
- via exposed dentine tubules
26
Best time to extract 6s
When furcations form on the 7s
27
Biofilm formation stages
- Attachment
- colonisation
- accumulation to form complex community
- dispersal
28
Reasons why a mesial overhang could occur when placing an amalgam restoration
- poor matrix band adaption
- amalgam condensed with too much force
29
Consequences of a digit sucking habit
- proclained upper incisors
- retroclined lower incisors
- anterior open bite
- narrow upper arch
30
What is meant by a localised cause of malocclusion
localised problem within either arch, usually confined to 1,2 or several teeth, causing a malocclusion
31
Types of supernumerary teeth
- conical
- tuberculate
- supplemental
- odontome
32
Stainless steel constituents and proportions
- 72% iron
- 18% chromium
- 8% nickel
- 1.7% titanium
- 0.3% carbon
33
constituents of steel
>98% iron
<2% carbon
34
disadvantages of self cured PMMA
- poor mechanical properties
- residual monomer may remain - can cause allergy
35
Factors which can result in tooth mobility
- bruxism
- trauma
- Periodontal disease
- dental abscess
36
Structures innervated by mental nerve
chin and lower lip
37
position of mental foramen
between lower 4 and 5
38
Peri operative complications in extraction
- difficult access
- abnormal resistance
- fracture of tooth
- jaw fracture
- soft tissue damage
- haemorrhage
- dislocation of TMJ
- adjacent tooth damage
- broken instruments
-wrong tooth extracted
39
preventative dental team management
raising concerns with parents, offering support, setting targets, record keeping and monitoring progress
40
preventive multi-agency management
- leasing with other professionals to see if concerns are shared
- check if child is subject to child protection plan
- agree joint plan of action
41
Non accidental injury examples
- black eyes
- intra oral injuries
- inner aspects of thighs
- pinch marks on ears
- soft tissue of cheeks
42
oro-facial signs of physical abuse
- brushing of face - punch, slap, pinch
- bruising of ears - pinch, pull
- abrasions and lacerations
- burns
- bites
- choke marks on neck
- eye injuries
- hair pulling
- fractures - nose, mandible, zygoma
43
Aims of suturing
- reposition tissues
- cover bone
- prevent wound breakdown
- achieve haemostasis
- encourage healing by primary intention
44
Why is an electrical handpiece used in bone removal during a surgical extraction?
air driven handpiece may lead to surgical emphysema
45
type of bur used for bone removal and tooth division in oral surgery
round or fissure tungsten carbide bur
46
Oral surgery flap designs
- semi-lunar
- triangular
- rectangular
47
Silane coupling agent use in porcelain restorations
- applied to etched porcelain surface
- forms strong chemical bond between oxide groups on porcelain and silane
- other end of silane molecules has C=C bond which reacts with composite resin luting agent
48
Apixaban mechanism of action
inhibits prothrombinase activity
49
Amoxycillin prescription dose and frequency
500mg 3 times daily for 7 days
50
Metronidazole prescription dose and frequency
400mg 3 times daily for 5 days
51
Drugs with possible interactions with warfarin
- metronidazole
- NSAIDs
- azole antifungals
52
MRONJ management
- avoid invasive treatment
- extractions in primary care setting
53
MRONJ risk factors
- duration and dose of bisphosphonate drug therapy
- dental treatment - impact on bone
- other concurrent medication e.g. steroids
54
outline the differential pressure theory in relation to orthodontics
- bone is resorbed in areas of compression
- bone is deposited in areas of tension
55
functional cusps
- cusps that occlude with opposing teeth in the intercuspal position
- lingual cusps of upper posterior teeth
- buccal cusps of lower posterior teeth
56
non-functional cusps
- cusps that do not occlude with opposing teeth in the intercuspal position
- buccal cusps of upper posterior teeth
- lingual cusps of lower posterior teeth
57
fossa
- depression or concavity on tooth surface
58
overbite
- vertical overlap of incisors
59
overjet
relationship between upper and lower teeth in horizontal plane
60
cross bite
a condition where one or more teeth may be abnormally malpositioned bucally or labially with reference to opposing teeth
61
anterior open bite
lack of vertical overlap of anterior teeth when posterior teeth are in full occlusion
62
posterior open bite
failure of contact between the posterior teeth when the teeth are in full occlusion
63
types of tooth movement
- tipping
- bodily movement
- intrusion
- extrusion
- rotation
- torque
64
effects of light orthodontic forces
- hyperaemia within PDL
- remodelling of socket
- PDL fibres reorganise
- gingival fibres remain distorted
65
Effects of moderate orthodontic forces
- occlusion of vessels of PDL on pressure side
- hyperaemia of vessels of PDL on tension side
- cell free areas on pressure side
- relatively rapid movement of tooth with bone deposition on tension side
- tooth may become slightly loose
- healing and remodelling of PDL
66
Effects of excessive/heavy orthodontic forces
- pain
- necrosis and undermiming resorption resulting in permanent changes
- anchorage loss
- possible loss of tooth vitality
67
Factors affecting response to orthodontic force
- duration
- magnitude
- age
- anatomy
68
Posselts envelope: T
maximum opening
- no tooth contacts
- full translation of condyle over articular eminence
69
Posselts envelope: ICP
- Intercuspal position
- maximum interdigitation of the teeth
- best fit
- also known as centric occlusion
70
Posselts envelope: E
- Edge to edge
- incisal edges of upper and lower incisors touch
71
Posselts envelope:: Pr
- protrusion
- condyle moves forwards and downwards on articular eminence
- no posterior tooth contacts
- only incisors +/- canines touch
72
Posselts envelope: R
retruded axis position
- no tooth contacts
- terminal hinge axis
- most superior anterior position of condylar head in the fossa
73
Posselts envelope: RCP
retruded contact position
- first tooth contact when mandible is in retruded axis position
- ICP approx 1mm anterior
74
drug to treat candida in patient on warfarin and why
- nystatin
- azoles interact with warfarin enhancing effects
75
Collimation Effects
- lower surface area irradiated
- lower volume of irradiated tissue
- lower number of scattered photons produced in tissue
- lower number of scattered photos interacting with receptor
- loss of contrast on radiographic image
76
why should a triangular collimator be used for a lateral cephalogram when not using a solid-state sensor?
to reduce exposure of the cranium
77
Why is a rectangular collimator used over a circular?
- it further restricts the size of the X-ray beam to the appropriate size of the intra-oral receptor
78
ALARP stands for...
as low as reasonably possible
79
How to assess antero-posterior skeletal relationship
- palpating the mandible and maxilla
- Frankfort mandibular plane angle
- lateral cephalometry
80
Types of supernumerary teeth
- conical
- tuberculate
- supplemental
- odontome
81
Features of conical supernumerary
- small, peg shaped
- close to midline
- may erupt
- usually 1 or 2 in number
- tend not to prevent eruption but may displace adjacent teeth
82
features of a tuberculate supernumerary
- tend not to erupt
- paired
- barrel shaped
- usually extracted
- one of main causes of failure of eruption of permanent upper incisors
83
Supplemental supernumerary
- extra teeth of normal morphology
- most often upper laterals or lower incisors
- often extract
84
odontome supernumerary
- compound
- complex - disorganised mass of dentine, pulp and enamel
85
Chronic oro-antral fistula management options
- excise sinus tract
- buccal advancement flap
- buccal fat pad with buccal advancement flap
- palatal flap
- bone graft
86
MRONJ management
prevent invasive treatment
extract in primary care setting
87
infective endocarditis prophylaxis options
- amoxycillin 3g oral powder sachet 60 mins before procedure
- clindamycin capsules 2x 300mg 60 mins before procedure
- azithromycin 200mg/5ml - 12.5ml/500mg 60 mins before
88
local cause of malocclusion - define
- a localised problem or abnormality within either arch, usually confined to one, two or several teeth, producing a malocclusion
89
Types of local causes of malocclusion
- variation in tooth number
- variation in tooth size
- local abnormalities of soft tissues
- local pathology
- abnormalities in tooth position
90
Amoxycillin frequency and dose
- 500mg 3x a day for 5 days
91
Metronidazole frequency and dose
400mg 3x a day for 5 days
92
Penicillin 5 frequency and dose
2x 250mg tablets 4x a day for 5 days
BDS3 Past papers
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