oral cancer risk factors
- HPV
- Smoking
- Alcohol use
Randomized control trials
- provides strongest evidence on effectiveness of treatments
- involves intervention and control group
Cohort study definition
Group of people with a common characteristic followed over time to find out how many reach a certain health outcome of interest e.g. contract a disease
Case-control study
study comparing those who have the disease or condition being studied (case) and those who do not have the condition or disease (control)
Cross-sectional study
study which measures the outcome and exposures in study participants at a single point in time
Case report
report on single patient or series of patients with an outcome of interest
- no control group
critical appraisal
process of assessing and interpreting evidence through systematic consideration of its validity, relevance and results
PICO stands for
- population
- intervention
- comparison
- outcome
3 As - public health Scotland
- Ask - establish and record smoking status
- advise on personal benefits of quitting
- act = offer help and signpost to local stop smoking services
5 as - smoking cessation
- Ask your patient
- Advise your patient
- Assess your patient
- Assist
- Arrange follow up
Smoking cessation - questions to ask
- smoking status - current, ex, non-
- no cigs smoked per day
- no of years a smoker
- age when started
- what products used - cigars, cigs etc
Smoking cessation quitting history qs
- have you tried to quit before?
- how many attempts?
- what helped?
- are you interested now?
- interest in getting further help and support
Nicotine withdrawal symptoms
- cravings
- depression/low mood
- headaches
- disturbed sleep
- weight gain
- irritability
- dizziness
- mouth ulcers
- lack of concentration
3 consulting styles
- directing
- following
- guiding
listening skills - OARS
- open questions
- affirmation
- reflective listening
- summary
