What are the two main types of cells?
- Prokaryotic cells
- Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A cell with a nucleus (animal and plant cells)
Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell without a nucleus (bacterial cells)
Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells.
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls the cell’s activities and contains DNA
The nucleus is often referred to as the control center of the cell.
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Where chemical reactions happen
The cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that fills the cell.
What do mitochondria do?
Site of aerobic respiration (releases energy)
Mitochondria are often called the powerhouse of the cell.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis (making proteins)
Ribosomes can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
What extra parts do plant cells have?
- Cell wall
- Chloroplasts
- Permanent vacuole
These structures are essential for the plant’s structure and function.
What is the function of the cell wall?
Supports and strengthens the cell
The cell wall is made of cellulose and provides rigidity.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis (contain chlorophyll)
Chloroplasts convert sunlight into energy for the plant.
What does the vacuole do?
Stores cell sap and helps keep the cell rigid
The vacuole is larger in plant cells compared to animal cells.
What is a microscope used for?
To see very small objects like cells
Microscopes are essential tools in biology for studying cell structure.
What does magnification mean?
How many times bigger the image is than the real object
Magnification is crucial for observing small details in specimens.
What is the formula for magnification?
Magnification = image size ÷ real size
This formula helps calculate how much larger the image appears.
What unit are cells usually measured in?
Micrometres (µm)
Micrometres are commonly used in microscopy.
How many micrometres are in 1 millimetre?
1000 µm
This conversion is important for understanding cell sizes.
