Cell

Question 1

A double stranded copy of a single stranded RNA molecule

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

A two layered membrane surrounding the chromosomes of a cell. The membrane has pores and its outer layer is continuous with the ER of the cell

Answer 2

Nuclear membrane/nuclear envelope

Question 3

A spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell, made of DNA, RNA and protein

Synthesis of rRNA

Answer 3

Nucleoli

Question 4

For building if ribosomes

Answer 4

Nucleoli

Question 5

Loose network of bumpy threads that is scattered throughout the nucleus that is made of DNA and protein

Answer 5

Chromatin

Question 6

Permeability of cell membrane

Answer 6

Semi-permeable

Question 7

Its structure consists of two lipid layers arranged “tail to tail” in which protein molecules float

Answer 7

Plasma membrane

Question 8

Permit lipid soluble materials to enter of leave cell by diffusion through cell membrane

Answer 8

Phospholipids

Question 9

Provides greater stability to the membrane

Answer 9

Cholesterol

Question 10

Scattered in the lipid bilayer and responsible for most of the specialized functions of the membrane

Answer 10

Proteins

Question 11

Fluid inside the cell or cytoplasm

Answer 11

Cytosol/ intracellular fluid

Question 12

Fluid outside cell

Answer 12

Extracellular fluid/ interstitial fluid

Question 13

Permits passage of small water soluble materials

Answer 13

Pores

Question 14

Help substances enter the cell

Answer 14

Enzymes or carriers

Question 15

Binding sites for hormones or other chemical messengers

Answer 15

Receptor sites

Question 16

Dentify cells of individuals as “self”

Answer 16

Antigens

Question 17

Branching sugars attached to most proteins abutting the extracellular space making the cell surface fuzzy,sticky,sugar rich area

Answer 17

Glycoproteins

Question 18

A semitransparent fluid that suspends the other elements

Answer 18

Cytosol

Question 19

Composition of cells

Answer 19

CHON

Question 20

are not functioning units, but instead are chemical substances that may or may not be present, depending on the specific cell type

Answer 20

Inclusions

Question 21

are the metabolic machinery of the cell

Answer 21

organelles

Question 22

organelles where proteins are produced

Answer 22

ribosomes

Question 23

a series of membranes forming sacs and tubules that extends from the outer nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm

Answer 23

ER

Question 24

consist of closely packed stacks of curved, membrane sacs

Answer 24

Golgi apparatus

Question 25

functions of golgi apparatus

Answer 25

collects, modifies, packages, distributes CHON and lipids

Question 26

are membrane-bound vesicles formed from the Golgi apparatus intracellular digestive system

Answer 26

Lysosome

Question 27

are small, membrane-bound vesicles containing enzymes that break down fatty acids, amino acids and H2o2

Answer 27

Perixosome

Question 28

function of lysosome

Answer 28

digest any worn out or damaged cell/organelle

Question 29

are small, bean-shaped organelles which are the major sites of ATP production within cells aerobic respiration

Answer 29

Mitochondria

Question 30

consist of proteins that support the cell, hold organelles in place, and enable the cell to change shape

Answer 30

Cytoskeleton

Question 31

determines the overall shape of a cell

Answer 31

microtubules

Question 32

strong, stable rope like

Answer 32

intermediate filaments

Question 33

cell motility, producing changes in cell shape

Answer 33

microfilaments

Question 34

small, cylindrical organelle composed of nine triplets, each consisting of 3 parallel microtubules joined together

Answer 34

centrioles

Question 35

mobile threadlike projections (sweeps materials across cell surface (respiratory system) )

Answer 35

cilia

Question 36

for motility or movement of sperm cell; tail

Answer 36

flagellum

Question 37

lipid synthesis; detoxification of chemicals and drugs

Answer 37

sER

Question 38

hydrophilic

Answer 38

polar heads

Question 39

hydrophobic

Answer 39

polar tails

Question 40

cells that are meter in length

Answer 40

nuerons

Question 41

permeability of phospholipid

Answer 41

permeable

Question 42

how does water pass through?

Answer 42

through protein

Question 43

bones and muscles of the cell

Answer 43

cytoskeleton

Question 44

formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources

Answer 44

gluconeogenesis

Question 45

substances are transported across the membrane without any energy (ATP) input from the cell

Answer 45

Passive transport

Question 46

Membrane Transport mechanisms

Answer 46

Passive Transport | Active transport

Question 47

movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

Answer 47

diffusion

Question 48

the tendency of the solutes, such as ions or molecules to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration of that solute in solution

Answer 48

simple diffusion

Question 49

the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane, such as the cell membrane, from a region of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration

Answer 49

osmosis

Question 50

a carrier-mediated (protein channels) transport process that moves substances into and out of cells from a higher to a lower concentration

Answer 50

facilitated diffusion

Question 51

a carrier-mediated process that moves substances across the cell membrane from regions of lower concentration to those of higher concentration against a concentration gradient (uses ATP)

Answer 51

Active Transport

Question 52

the movement of substances from lower concentrated area to higher concentrated area by protein carriers that uses ATP

Answer 52

Solute Pumping

Question 53

Examples of Solute pumping

Answer 53

Sodium-Potassium Pump, amino acids

Question 54

substances that cannot get though the plasma membrane in any other way are transported with the help of ATP

Answer 54

Bulk Transport

Question 55

Two types of Bulk transport

Answer 55

Exocytostis | Endocytosis

Question 56

moves substances out of the cell

Answer 56

Exocytosis

Question 57

includes ATP requiring processes that take up, or engulf, extra cellular substances by enclosing thm in a small membranous vesicle

Answer 57

Endocytosis

Question 58

examples of endocytosis

Answer 58

phagocytosis | pinocytosis

Question 59

cell-eating

Answer 59

phagocytosis

Question 60

cell-drinking

Answer 60

pinocytosis

Question 61

produces 2 daughter cells identical to the parent cell; each of these cells will have 46 chromosomes it has no resting phase

Answer 61

mitosis

Question 62

time between cell divisions DNA is found as thin threads of chromatin in the nucleus DNA replication occurs

Answer 62

Interphase

Question 63

part of immune cells; monocytes

Answer 63

macrophages

Question 64

3 phases in interphase

Answer 64

G1, S, G2

Question 65

8-10 hrs

Answer 65

G1

Question 66

8 hrs

Answer 66

S

Question 67

4-6 hrs

Answer 67

G2