Cell Division

Question 1

Cells produced by mitosis are genetically ____ and cells produced by meiosis are genetically ____

Answer 1

Cells produced by mitosis are genetically identical and cells produced by meiosis are genetically different

Question 2

What does mitosis produce?

Answer 2

Two genetically identical daughter cells, also identical to the parent cell

Question 3

What does meiosis produce?

Answer 3

Four genetically different, haploid daughter cells

Question 4

What is mitosis used for?

Answer 4

Growth, Repair and replacement of damaged cells, Asexual reproduction

Question 5

What is meiosis used for?

Answer 5

Production of haploid gametes for sexual reproduction

Question 6

What happens in interphase?

Answer 6

Protein synthesis, DNA replication, organelles are synthesised

Question 7

What happens in prophase?

Answer 7

Centrioles move to poles, chromosomes condense, nucleolus and nuclear membrane disintegrate

Question 8

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 8

Chromosomes line up on the equator, spindle fibres attach to centromeres

Question 9

What happens in anaphase?

Answer 9

Chromatids are pulled to the poles, centromere first

Question 10

What happens in telophase?

Answer 10

Chromosomes uncondense, spindle disintegrates, nuclear membrane and nucleolus reform

Question 11

How does cytokinesis differ in plant and animal cells?

Answer 11

In an animal cell the cytoplasm pinches inwards, in a plant cell a cell plate forms made of cellulose

Question 12

Uncontrolled mitosis leads to

Answer 12

Cancer/tumour formation

Question 13

What do haploid and diploid mean?

Answer 13

Haploid cells have no homologous pairs, diploid cells have homologous pairs

Question 14

Describe what happens in prophase 1 of meiosis

Answer 14

Same as in prophase mitosis, also homologous pairs come together to form bivalents and crossing over occurs at the chiasmata

Question 15

Describe what happens in metaphase 1 of meiosis

Answer 15

Bivalents line up on the equator, spindle fibres attach to centromeres. Random/independent assortment

Question 16

Describe what happens in anaphase 1 of meiosis

Answer 16

Whole chromosomes are pulled to the poles

Question 17

Describe what happens in telophase 1 of meiosis

Answer 17

Chromosomes reach the poles and uncondense. In animal cells nuclear envelope reforms and cytokinesis occurs. There are two haploid cells

Question 18

Describe what happens in prophase 2 of meiosis

Answer 18

Centrioles replicate, new spindle formed at right angle to first

Question 19

Describe what happens in metaphase 2 of meiosis

Answer 19

Chromosomes line up on the equator, spindle fibres attach to centromeres. Random/ independent assortment

Question 20

Describe what happens in anaphase 2 of meiosis

Answer 20

Chromatids are pulled to the poles, centromere first

Question 21

Describe what happens in telophase 2 of meiosis

Answer 21

Chromosomes uncondense, spindle disintegrates, nuclear membrane and nucleolus reform. Four haploid cells produced.

Question 22

What three things cause variation during meiosis?

Answer 22

Crossing over in prophase 1, random/independent assortment in metaphase 1 and 2

Question 23

What is a homologous pair?

Answer 23

One chromosome from the mother, one from the father. They contain the same genes but may have different alleles

Question 24

What are chromatids?

Answer 24

Chromatids are identical strands of DNA formed by replication, held together at the centromere to form chromosomes

Question 25

What are centrioles?

Answer 25

Centrioles are the organelle that forms the spindle

Question 26

What are centromeres?

Answer 26

The centromere holds together chromatids to form chromosomes after DNA replication

Question 27

What are chromosomes?

Answer 27

DNA wrapped around histone proteins. During cell division chromosomes are two sister chromatids, joined by a centromere

Question 28

What are the three stages of interphase?

Answer 28

G1, S, G2

Question 29

What happens in S phase of interphase?

Answer 29

DNA replicates

Question 30

Name this stage of mitosis

Answer 30

Prophase

Question 31

Name this stage of mitosis

Answer 31

Metaphase

Question 32

Name this stage of mitosis

Answer 32

Anaphase

Question 33

Name this stage of mitosis

Answer 33

Telophase

Question 34

Name this stage of meiosis

Answer 34

Prophase 1

Question 35

Name this stage of meiosis

Answer 35

Metaphase 1

Question 36

Name this stage of meiosis

Answer 36

Anaphase 1

Question 37

Name this stage of meiosis

Answer 37

Telophase 1 (the DNA has uncondensed, and the cell has not yet divided)

Question 38

Name this stage of meiosis

Answer 38

Prophase 2 (the DNA has condensed, and the cell has already divided)

Question 39

Name this stage of meiosis

Answer 39

Metaphase 1

Question 40

Name this stage of meiosis

Answer 40

Anaphase 2

Question 41

Name this stage of meiosis

Answer 41

Telophase 2