Cells

Question 1

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 1

Contains the DNA which codes for protein synthesis

Question 2

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 2

Protein synthesis

Question 3

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 3

The site of aerobic respiration which synthesises ATP.

Question 4

What is the function of the chloroplast?

Answer 4

Site of photosynthesis which synthesises glucose

Question 5

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 5

Synthesis of rRNA and ribosomes

Question 6

What is the function of the SER?

Answer 6

The synthesis and transport of lipids

Question 7

What is the function of the golgi body?

Answer 7

Chemically modifies (eg producing glycoproteins) and packages proteins into vesicles for secretion out of the cell. Produces lysosomes.

Question 8

What is the function of the centrioles

Answer 8

Are used in spindle formation in cell division in animals

Question 9

What is the function of the lysosomes?

Answer 9

Contain digestive enzymes. These can be used to destroy old organelles
or digest material which has been taken into the cell

Question 10

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 10

Prevents osmotic lysis

Question 11

What is the function of the plasmodesmata?

Answer 11

Allows communication and exchange of large organic materials between adjacent plant cells

Question 12

Draw and label a mitochondrion

Answer 12

Mitochondria consist of an outer and inner double membrane; intermembrane space; cristae; matrix; DNA and ribosomes.

Question 13

Draw and label a chloroplast

Answer 13

Chloroplasts consist of a double outer membrane containing stroma with ribosomes, lipid, circular DNA and possibly starch. Through the stroma are parallel flattened sacs, thylakoids, stacked in places as grana. Between the grana the thylakoids form lamellae.

Question 14

Which organelles in a eukaryotic cell contain DNA?

Answer 14

Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts (if a plant cell)

Question 15

What is the name of the membrane around a vacuole?

Answer 15

Tonoplast

Question 16

Which organelles are found in plant cells but not animal cells?

Answer 16

Chloroplasts, cell wall and plasmodesmata, large vacuole and tonoplast.

Question 17

Which organelle is found in animal cells but not plant cells?

Answer 17

Centrioles

Question 18

Give the organelles involved in protein synthesis and secretion from the cell in order

Answer 18

Nucleus (contains coding DNA), mRNA travels to ribosomes (synthesise proteins), proteins travel to golgi body (processed and packaged into vesicles), vesicles travel to cell membrane, mitochondria provide ATP as energy for exocytosis

Question 19

How are eukaryotic cells different to prokaryotic cells?

Answer 19

They contain membrane bound organelles, including the nucleus. They have linear rather than circular DNA and larger 80s ribosomes

Question 20

What is a prokaryotic cell wall made of?

Answer 20

Murein/peptidoglycan (same thing)

Question 21

Where does aerobic respiration happen in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 21

Infoldings of the cell membrane, called mesosomes

Question 22

What is the structure of a virus?

Answer 22

Viruses consist of DNA or RNA, not both, enclosed in a protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses also have an outer lipoprotein envelope, e.g. the influenza virus and HIV.

Question 23

Are viruses alive? Explain your answer

Answer 23

No, because they do not perform all the requirements for life (MRS GREN)

Question 24

What is a tissue?

Answer 24

A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function

Question 25

What is an organ?

Answer 25

A group of different tissues working together to perform a specific function

Question 26

What are the three types of muscle?

Answer 26

Skeletal/striated, smooth and cardiac

Question 27

What are the three types of epithelial tissue?

Answer 27

Columnar, cuboidal and squamous

Question 28

What is the function of cilia?

Answer 28

To waft mucus containing bacteria up the trachea to be swallowed (or eggs along the fallopian tubes)

Question 29

What is the function of microvilli?

Answer 29

To increase the surface area for absorption

Question 30

What does skeletal muscle do?

Answer 30

Contracts to move the skeleton

Question 31

Where is cardiac muscle found?

Answer 31

The heart

Question 32

What does smooth muscle do?

Answer 32

Contraction of involuntary muscle, such as in blood vessels and the digestive system.

Question 33

Where is columnar epithelium with microvilli found?

Answer 33

Columnar epithelium with microvilli is in the small intestine of the digestive system

Question 34

Where is columnar epithelium with cilia found?

Answer 34

Ciliated columnar epithelium is in trachea and bronchi and the fallopian tubes.

Question 35

Describe squamous epithelium and state where it is found

Answer 35

It is thin and flat for to give a short diffusion distance for gas exchange in alveoli or a smooth lining in blood vessels