Cell Pathology I

Question 1

Rudolf Virchow

Answer 1

Physician and biologist that introduced the concept of cellular pathology.

Question 2

What can be seen under a light microscope vs electron microscopes?

Answer 2

Nuclei and basic cell shapes.

Small details such as cell membranes.

Question 3

Lipofuscin

Answer 3

Brown pigment composed of oxidised lipids and known as the “brown fat of aging”

Undigested complex lipids that accumulate in aging tissues.

Question 4

What is ischemia

Answer 4

Low blood supply

Question 5

What is hypoxia

Answer 5

Low oxygen

Question 6

What is anoxia

Answer 6

No oxygen

Question 7

Cellular swelling

Answer 7

Swollen microvilli, invagination of the cell membrane, swollen mitochondria, dilated RER, loss of intracellular contact.

Question 8

Nuclear changes in irreversible cell injury

Answer 8

Pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis.

Question 9

Pyknosis

Answer 9

Nuclear condensation

Question 10

Karyorrhexis

Answer 10

Nuclear fragmentation

Question 11

Karyolysis

Answer 11

Dissolution of the nuclear structure as a result of enzymatic digestion

Question 12

What is troponin in blood indicative of

Answer 12

Myocardial infarction as cells release contents into the extracellular space when undergoing lysis.

Question 13

Liver cell evidence of lysis

Answer 13

Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase.

Question 14

Cyanide cell injury

Answer 14

Block cytochrome C oxidase in the mitochondrial ETC, blocking ATP production.

Question 15

Quebec beer-drinker’s cardiomyopathy

Answer 15

Cobalt poisoning after CoSO4 was used to improve foam stability

Question 16

S. aureus food poisoning cell injury

Answer 16

Exotoxin crosses enterocytes to act on T cells and induce violent inflammation, diarrhea, and vomiting.

Question 17

S. aureus impetigo cell injury

Answer 17

Invades skin and replicates, neutrophils respond and attack. Can be identified in skin using a gram stain.

Question 18

Directly cytopathic

Answer 18

Virus alone is toxic to the cell

Question 19

Indirectly cytopathic

Answer 19

Damage caused by host inflammatory cells in response to the infection

Question 20

RSV cell injury

Answer 20

Directly cytopathic. Results in multinucleation of lung pneumocytes

Question 21

Chronic Hep B cell injury

Answer 21

Indirectly cytopathic to hepatocytes

Question 22

Candida cell injury

Answer 22

Induces brain abscesses. Silver stain shows the fungi.

Question 23

Giardia cell injury

Answer 23

In the duodenum causes inflammation and diarrhea.

Question 24

Mediators of inflammation that cause cell injury

Answer 24

Sepsis
Cytokines
Complement proteins

Question 25

Immune reactions as causes of cell injury

Answer 25

Autoimmune disease where no microbe is present.

Question 26

SLE and cell injury

Answer 26

Autoantibodies against organs that causes damage.

Question 27

Tay-Sachs disease

Answer 27

Autosomal recessive disease in hexosaminidase A, resulting in the accumulation of gangliosides.

Question 28

Diabetes cell injury

Answer 28

Hyperglycemia damages blood vessel walls by reacting with proteins. Mostly in the kidneys, lower legs, and retina.

Question 29

Diabetic glomerulosclerosis

Answer 29

Thickened vascular walls and increased material in the glomerulus.