cell structure

Question 1

whats a theory?

Answer 1

A theory explains a wide range of phenomena supported by evidence and experimentation

e.g. Evolution, Big Bang, Cell

Question 2

whats a law?

Answer 2

A law describes a specific relationship observed in nature.

e.g. Motion, Energy Conservation

Question 3

whats the cell theory? (3)

Answer 3

1. Cell is the basic unit of life.
2. All organisms are composed of cells.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 4

cells that aren’t specialised are called..?

Answer 4

stem cells

Question 5

what happens when cells grow and develop into maturity?

Answer 5

they are differentiated to have a function. some become blood cells, other skin cells, or maybe hair cells.

Question 6

what are specialised cells called?

Answer 6

tissues

Question 7

what is the organelle function of the membrane?

Answer 7

Selectively permeable boundaries, control the movement of substances into and out of the cell/organelle

Question 8

what is the organelle function of the protoplasm?

Answer 8

The living content of a cell that is surrounded by the cell membrane

Question 9

what is the organelle function of the nucleus?

Answer 9

The control and information centre of the cell

Question 10

what is the organelle function of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 10

Transport and processing of proteins and lipids

Question 11

what is the organelle function of golgi bodies?

Answer 11

Packaging and sorting the products

Question 12

what is the organelle function of ribosomes?

Answer 12

Protein synthesis

Question 13

what is the organelle function of lysosomes?

Answer 13

Digestion and cell destruction

Question 14

what is the organelle function of mitochondria?

Answer 14

Cellular respiration – production and storage of energy (ATP)

Question 15

what is the organelle function of vacuoles?

Answer 15

Storage and support

Question 16

what is the organelle function of chloroplasts?

Answer 16

photosynthesis

Question 17

what is the organelle function of plant cell wall?

Answer 17

Shape and support

Question 18

what is the organelle function of centrioles?

Answer 18

Spindle production in cell division

Question 19

what is the organelle function of cytoskeleton?

Answer 19

Cell shape, organelle placement and movement and cell division

Question 20

what does a plant cell have that animal cell doesn’t?

Answer 20

cell wall
chloroplasts
large permanent vacuole

Question 21

what does a animal cell have that plant cell doesn’t?

Answer 21

centrioles
lysosomes

Question 22

whats the light microscope?

Answer 22

the type that is commonly used in schools. This device uses lenses and light source to magnify specimens.

There are usually 3 objective lenses attached in the nosepiece:
low power objective (LPO),
medium power objective (MPO), and high power objective (HPO).

The higher the objective, the stronger the magnification.

Question 23

whats magnification for a light microscope?

Answer 23

the degree of how an image is increased when viewed

Question 24

whats resolution for a light microscope?

Answer 24

the ability to view details under the microscope

Question 25

whats contrast for a light microscope?

Answer 25

adjustment of light to view the image diaphragm of the microscope is used to control amount of light

Question 26

What is the illuminating source for an electron vs light microscope?

Answer 26

light: light electron: beam of electrons

Question 27

what are prokaryotes?

Answer 27

Cells that have no membrane bound organelles. They do not have any nucleus at all.

Question 28

prokaryotes are ...cellular

Answer 28

unicellular prokaryotes are only unicellular

Question 29

what are the 4 main structures present in prokaryotes?

Answer 29

cell membrane cytoplasm ribosome genetic material

Question 30

what are eukaryotes?

Answer 30

Cells that have membrane bound organelles. they DO have a nucleus that protects their DNA.

Question 31

all multicellular organisms are ...

Answer 31

eukaryotes eukaryotes are mostly multicellular but can be uni

Question 32

examples of unicellular eukaryotes:

Answer 32

Amoeba Paramecium Euglena

Question 33

which is bigger? eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Answer 33

eukaryotes. eukaryotes are usually 10-100 um in size whereas prokaryotes are usually 0.1 - 5 um.

Question 34

whats the cell membrane?

Answer 34

a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells, separating the cell's interior from its external environment All cells have a cell membrane but not all cells have organelles that contain membranes.

Question 35

what does the cell membrane provide?

Answer 35

- the infrastructure of the cell - channels for chemicals to move through - packaging for chemicals which need to be stored - points of attachment for chemicals - control over what moves in or out of each organelle and in or out of the entire cell

Question 36

what is the structure of the cell membrane?

Answer 36

the phospholipid bilayer

Question 36

whats the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 36

a double layer of phospholipid molecules arranged with their hydrophilic heads facing outward and their hydrophobic tails sandwiched in the middle to avoid contact with the fluid.

Question 37

what are distributed along the bilayer?

Answer 37

- carbohydrates - cholesterol - transport protein - receptor protein - recognition protein - adhesion protein

Question 38

whats a semipermeable membrane?

Answer 38

a layer where certain molecules can pass through. not every chemical compound the cell is exposed to can enter a cell (the membrane selects some molecules)