Cell structure

Question 1

Cell theory

Answer 1

States that all living things are made of individual units, cells, which are the basic units of life, and that all cells arise from other cells.

Question 2

Structures and components of a typical cell (eukaryotic and prokaryotic)

Answer 2

plasma membrane, DNA, cytoplasm.

Question 3

Organelles

Answer 3

Specialised structures inside cells with specific functions

Question 4

Plasma membrane

Answer 4

Composed of a bilayer of phospholipids that surround the cell, separating the interior of the cell from the exterior environment, encapsulating the cell contents.

Question 5

Most cells contain genetic information in the form of DNA. What is DNA.

Answer 5

DNA is a genetic material, and contains the instructions needed for the cell to survive, mature and replicate.

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

Jelly-like fluid composed mainly of water. It contains many dissolved solutes, including nutrients and waste products. It suspends other cell structures, and is the site of metabolic reactions.

Question 7

What does the S stand for in 70S or 80S ribosomes

Answer 7

Suedberg unit

Question 8

Typical components of prokaryotic cells

Answer 8

Cell wall
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Naked DNA in a loop (circular)
70S ribosomes
Plasmids

Question 9

Compartmentalisation

Answer 9

The organisation of different functions and processes within specific subcellular structures separated by plasma membranes.

Question 10

Typical components of eukaryotic cells

Answer 10

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
80S ribosomes
Nucleus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough. endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Vesicle
Vacuole
Cytoskeleton

Question 11

8 life processes

Answer 11

Metabolism
Response to stimuli
Homeostasis
Movement
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 12

organelles

Answer 12

Specialised structures within a cell that perform a specific function.

Question 13

Compartmentalisation

Answer 13

The organisation of different functions and processes with specific subcellular structures separated by plasma membrane.

Question 14

Advantages of compartmentalisation in cells

Answer 14

1. Separating chemical reactions and other cellular processes, allowing the cell to increase the rate of chemical reactions. Compartmentalisation concentrates enzymes and other substances/metabolites.
2. Maintaining different internal chemistry / different conditions in different areas of a cell.
3. Storing damaging substances / Separation of incompatible biochemical substances. This protects the rest of the cell, allowing for safe breakdown of waste.