What’s a prokaryotic cell
A cell with no nucleus e.g a bacteria
What is cell theory?
1) Cells are basic unit of life
2) everything living is composed of cells
3) cells can only develop from existing cells
What is chloroplast and it’s functions?
Plant organelle-
Converts light energy into chemical energy(sugars).
Using chlorophyll,(green pigment that captures sunlight).
Performs photosynthesis.
Synthesizes fatty acids, amino acids and hormones.
Where photosynthesis takes place
How do you calculate magnification?
Magnification (M) = size of image (l) ÷ actual size (A)
What are the limitations of light microscopes?
Lower magnification
Lower resolution
Need to be transparent material
What are some pros to light microscopes?
Cheap
Easy to use
Easy to use
What is Eukaryotic cells?
Cells that have a nucleus- found in all complex organisms
What is a Golgi apparatus and it’s function?
A stack of membrane bound flattened sacs
Modify newly made proteins, package them into vesicles to be transported
What is a nucleolus and function?
Spherical structure in the middle of the nucleus
It makes ribosomes and RNA (vital nucleic acid, like DNA)
What is Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and function?
Network of membrane bound flattened sacs called cisternae studded with ribosomes.
Site for protein synthesis
What is Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and it’s function?
Network of membrane bound flattened sacs called cisternae NO RIBOSOMES
Responsible for synthesis and transport of lipids and carbohydrates
What is a vesicle and function?
Small spherical membrane sacs with fluid inside
Transport materials around the cell and outside of the cell
What is centrioles and it’s function?
They are small tubes of protein fibres
They form spindle fibres during cell division
What is tonoplast and function?
Partially permeable membrane of the vacuole
Allows small molecules to pass through
What is amyloplasts and it’s function?
A double membrane-bound sac containing starch granules
Responsible for the synthesis and storage of starch granules
What is plasmodesmata and it’s function?
Channels on the cell walls of plant cells
Enable transport and communication between individual plant cells
What are Pits and it’s function?
Pores in the cell walls of the xylem
Allow water to enter and leave xylem vessels
What is exocytosis?
The process of vesicles fusing with plasma membrane and secretary contents.
What is the function of animal cells?
Synthesise proteins for use inside cell and outside cell
Cell multiplication
What is a capsule and it’s function?
Slippery layer outside the cell wall
Protects the cell and prevents desiccation (prevents drying out)
What is a nucleoid and it’s function?
Irregularly shaped region (no nuclear membrane)
DNA and controls cellular activity
What is plasmid as it’s function?
Small loops of DNA
Carry genes that may benefit the survival of the organism
What do bacteria cells do?
They produce and secrete toxins
What do Gram-negative bacteria have?
A thinner cell wall and 2 lipid membranes
