Exam Questions

Question 1

Which component is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? (1mark)

Answer 1

Ribosomes

Question 2

What is the primary function of the rough endoplasm (I mark)

Answer 2

Protein Synthesis

Question 3

Describe the test for the presence of reducing sugars(2 marks)

Answer 3

The test for reducing sugars involves Benedict’s reagent and heating, resulting in a colour change from blue to brick-red.

Question 4

The bond formed between two amino acids is a (1 mark)

Answer 4

Peptide bond

Question 5

What are polysaccharide bonds?

Answer 5

Polysaccharides are formed from many monosaccharides.

Question 6

Which property of water allows it to act as a temperature buffer in organisms?

Answer 6

High Specific Heat Capacity

Question 7

Explain why water’s high specific heat capacity can act as a temperature buffer in organisms (2 marks)

Answer 7

Water’s high specific heat capacity means it can absorb or release large amounts of heat with only small changes in its own temperature, thus buffering organisms against drastic temperature fluctuations.

Question 8

Explain why the tertiary structure of an enzyme is critical for its biological function.
[ marks]

Answer 8

the shape is critical – by forming a complementary active site for a specific substrate, enabling enzyme-substrate complex formation.

Question 9

The process by which oxygen moves across a cell surface membrane is

Answer 9

Simple Diffusion

Question 10

What is diffusion?

Answer 10

diffusion is passive movement down a concentration gradient.

Question 11

Hormonal System- Stimuli

Answer 11

Change in internal and external environment, e.g pressure or blood sugar.

Question 12

Calculate surface area to volume ratio

Answer 12

SA=4πx2^2 = 16π

volume = 4/3π x 2^3 = 32/3π

SA : V
16π : 32/3π
n : 1
3/2 : 1
1.5 : 1

Question 13

Hormonal System- Receptor cells

Answer 13

To detect stimuli.

Question 14

Hormonal System- Co-Ordinator

Answer 14

Network of *interneurones connecting the sensory and motor systems.

Question 15

Hormonal System- Effector

Answer 15

Cells that effect a response.

Question 16

Nucleoid

Answer 16

Region containing DNA in prokaryotic cell.

Question 17

Plasmid

Answer 17

Small circular pieces of DNA in bacteria.

Question 18

What type of ribosomes are found in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 18

70S

Question 19

Function of bacterial capsule

Answer 19

protects bacteria from drying out

Question 20

Purpose of bacterial cell wall

Answer 20

(Support)- provides strength, rigidity(firmness) and shape
Protects the cell from osmotic rupture and mechanical damage.

Question 21

Cytoplasm

Answer 21

Jelly-like substance inside cells where reactions occur.

Question 22

Plasma membrane

Answer 22

The structure which controls what enters and leaves a bacterial cell.

Question 23

What are mesosomes thought to be in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 23

vesicle like infoldings

Question 24

What structure enables bacteria to move?

Answer 24

Flagellum

Question 25

What structure contains the genetic material in eukaryotes?

Answer 25

Nucleus

Question 26

What structure in nucleus, in eukaryotic cell makes ribosomes and RNA?

Answer 26

Nucleolus

Question 27

Which organelle is responsible for lipid synthesis?

Answer 27

SER- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 28

Which organelle has ribosomes attached?

Answer 28

RER- Rough(because it's covered in ribosomes which look like little bumps) Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 29

Role of Golgi Apparatus

Answer 29

Modify newly made proteins and package them into vesicles for transport.

Question 30

What's the name for small sacs used for transport within cells?

Answer 30

Vesicles

Question 31

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes?

Answer 31

Lysosomes

Question 32

What type of ribosomes are found in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 32

80S

Question 33

Which organelle produces ATP?

Answer 33

Mitochondria

Question 34

Function of centrioles

Answer 34

Take part in cell division, form spindle fibers that move chromosomes during cell division.

Question 35

What structures help with movement of substances across cell surface?

Answer 35

Cillia

Question 36

What structure gives plant cells additional support?

Answer 36

Cell wall- The cell wall functions to counteract the immense turgor pressure and prevent the cells from bursting.

Question 37

What is Turgor pressure?

Answer 37

Turgor pressure is the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall

Question 38

What is a photomicrograph?

Answer 38

Photo of cells under microscope

Question 39

How does blood glucose change after eating? (4)

Answer 39

blood glucose increases (1) insulin is released from the beta cells in the pancreas (1) glucose converts to glycogen(1) blood glucose returns normal (1)

Question 40

Describe the process of labour contractions (3)

Answer 40

Contractions occur The hormone oxytocin is released(1) This leads to contractions being stronger (1) More oxytocin is released and continues until birth(1)

Question 42

Process of blood clotting

Answer 42

Injury occurs (1) Plateletes release chemicals (1) More platelets are attracted (1) Rapid clot forms(1)

Question 43

What is the function of hypothallmus?

Answer 43

Maintains Homeostasis