Cells and Cell Division

Question 1

What size are animal cells?

Answer 1

10-20 micro metres

Question 2

What cells can be seen under a light microscope?

Answer 2

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Nucleus
Nucleolus

Question 3

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 3

Fluid found inside the cell (contains water, salts, nutrients and organelles)

Question 4

What are organelles?

Answer 4

Membrane bounded structures found within the cell

Question 5

What is a nucleus?

Answer 5

Control centre of the cell that contains DNA

Question 6

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 6

Deoxyribo-nedeic acid-genetic material

Question 7

What is a nucleolus?

Answer 7

Active area of the nucleus containing enzymes and RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Question 8

What are vesicles?

Answer 8

Small pockets containing waste and other cellular products

Question 9

What are lysosomes?

Answer 9

Vesicle containing digestive enzymes used to digest bacteria and debris within or outside the cell

Question 10

What is mitochondria?

Answer 10

Energy production

Question 11

What is centrosome?

Answer 11

Organising centre involved in cell division, made of centrioles

Question 12

What are ribsomes?

Answer 12

Protein synthesis

Question 13

What is endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 13

Long network of membranes that are involved in protein creation and transport

Question 14

What is Golgi apparatus?

Answer 14

Secreted proteins out of the cell

Question 15

What is cilla?

Answer 15

Cells that move fluid and mucous that have multiple small hairs on the surface (found in respiratory tract)

Question 16

What is flagella?

Answer 16

Cells that provide movement with sparse hairs on the surface (found in sperm and bacteria)

Question 17

What is microvilli?

Answer 17

Small projections of the cell membrane that increases surface area (found in small intestine)

Question 18

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 18

Process of cell division which is the final physical stage

Question 19

What is mitosis?

Answer 19

Identical cells used for growth or healing wounds created by trauma

Question 20

What is meiosis?

Answer 20

Four different cells that only occur is production of gametes

Question 21

What are the stages of mitosis?

Answer 21

Interphase (resting phase)
Prophase (preparation phase, form mitotic spindle)
Metaphase (midpoint, chromosomes attach to the spindle)
Anaphase (apart, spindle pulls the chromosomes apart)
Telophase (final, nuclear membrane reforms and cells begin to separate into two cells)

Question 22

Phases of meiosis?

Answer 22

Prophase 1 (cell prepares and DNA is replicated and some genes swapped)
Metaphase 1 (chromosomes line up and spindle attaches)
Anaphase 1 (chromosomes pulled apart)
Telophase 1 (two cells formed)
Prophase 2 (cells prepare next cell division)
Metaphase 2 (chromosomes line up on the midpoint of each cell)
Anaphase 2 (chromosomes pulled apart)
Telophase 2 (four cells form)

Question 23

What 3 groups can cells be divided into?

Answer 23

Permanent cells (grow in size, does not undergo cytokinesis, eg neurones)
Labile cells (continually divide, eg bone marrow, skin, digestive and urinary tract)
Stable cells (only divide in response to injury, eg liver, kidneys)