Cells and cell structures

Question 1

The smallest unit of an organism

Answer 1

The cell

Question 2

Creatures made up of many cells

Answer 2

Multicellular organisms

Question 3

Creatures only ever one cell big

Answer 3

Unicellular organisms

Question 4

What is required to see a cell, why?

Answer 4

A microscope, cells are very small.

Question 5

What can be seen when cells are looked at using a microscope?

Answer 5

Tissues, cells, organelles and cell structure

Question 6

Cell Membrane

Answer 6

• Surrounds the cell
• Controls what enters and exits the cell
• It is selectively permeable (only some substances can move through it)

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

• The gel-like substance inside a cell
• Contains lots of water
• Also contains other structures and organelles

Question 8

Cytoskeleton

Answer 8

• Made of filaments and tubes
• Helps organise the cell
• Helps keep the cells shape
• Anchors organelles in place
• Helps the cell divide for cell division

Question 9

Genetic material

Answer 9

• DNA and RNA
• Most cells have DNA in the nucleus
• Contains information on how to build and functioning of the cell

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

• Houses the DNA in the form of chromosomes
• DNA replication (copying) happens here
• DNA instructions for the cell are chemically read here

Question 11

Mitochondrion

Answer 11

• An organelle that generates energy for the cell
• Respiration happens here

Question 12

Chloroplast

Answer 12

• A green organelle only found in plants
• It captures the suns energy to make carbohydrates
• The process is called photosynthesis

Question 13

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

• An organelle that acts as a transport network for molecules heading different places in the cell
• Rough ER contains grainy looking ribosomes
• Smooth ER has no ribosomes

Question 14

Vacuole

Answer 14

• A liquid filled space surrounded by a membrane
• It often handles waste products and is small in animal cells
• It is much larger in plant cells and stores water

Question 15

Ribosomes

Answer 15

• Used to make proteins from amino acids
• Appear a s dark spots

Question 16

Cell wall

Answer 16

• Not found in animal cells
• Protects the cell from the environment
• Provides support for plant cells
• On the outside of the cell membrane

Question 17

What is this structure?

Answer 17

Cell membrane

Question 18

What is this substance?

Answer 18

Cytoplasm

Question 19

Made of filaments and tubes these structures help the cell keep shape

Answer 19

Cytoskeleton

Question 20

One of the most recognisable molecules in history… Holds all genetic information in a cell.

Answer 20

DNA

Question 21

What is this important structure that houses DNA?

Answer 21

The cell nucleus

Question 22

The centre for energy production in a cell:

Answer 22

A mitochondrion

Plural: mitochondria

Question 23

Essential for photosynthesis:

Answer 23

Chloroplast

Question 24

An important organelle for transporting substances

Answer 24

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 25

Large fluid filled organelle in plants

Answer 25

Vacuole

Question 26

The dark speckled apprearing dot in a cell (especially on the rough endoplasmic reticulum)

Answer 26

Ribosomes

Question 27

The extra protective layer around plant cells, but not animal cells

Answer 27

Cell wall

Question 28

Biological diagram rules regarding your **drawing**

Answer 28

Draw only what you see Sharp pencil Clean lines with no sketching Size of your palm No shading

Question 29

Biological diagram rules regarding **labelling**

Answer 29

All labels in pen A heading below, underlined Use pen and a ruler for label lines Label lines may not cross and should all be on the right where possible Scale should also be indicated when possible No arrows, lines touch structures being labelled

Question 30

Microscopic

Answer 30

Something too small to be seen with the unaided eye

Question 31

Organelle

Answer 31

Specialised structures found inside living cells These perform specific functions for the cell