Different cells

Question 1

Unique structures that plants cells have

Answer 1

• Chloroplasts
• Large vacuoles
• Cell wall

Question 2

Unique appearance of a plant cells

Answer 2

• Plant cells generally more box-like because of the cell wall
• They often appear green due to the chloroplasts
• Often have a large “empty” space inside due to the vacuole

Question 3

Green substance in chloroplasts

Answer 3

Chlorophyll

Question 4

Function of chlorophyll

Answer 4

Absorbs light energy from the sun

Converts it into energy rich glucose

Process called photosynthesis

Question 5

Chemical that glucose is stored as in plant cells

Answer 5

Starch

Question 6

Vacuoles in animal cells

Answer 6

• Absent
• Or very small

Question 7

Unicellular

Answer 7

Consisting of a single cell

Question 8

Macroscopic

Answer 8

Large enough to be seen with the naked eye

Question 9

Multicellular

Answer 9

Consisting of many cells

Question 10

Specialise

Answer 10

to take on a particular function and only perform that function

Question 11

Example of a unicellular organism

Answer 11

bacteria

Question 12

Example life processes that living things all do

Answer 12

• Feeding
• respiration
• excretion
• reproduction

Question 13

Why multicellular organisms have specialised cells

Answer 13

• Not possible for every cell in our bodies to carry out all the life processes.
• As complex organisms, we need groups of cells to specialise.
• Specialised cells carry out particular functions.

Question 14

Hierarchy (levels) of organisation in multicellular organisms

Answer 14

• Cells
• Tissues
• Organs
• Systems
• Organism

Question 15

Cells of a multicellular organism

Answer 15

All organisms are made up of cells

Question 16

Tissues of a multicellular organism

Answer 16

• A group of specialised cells
• Having the same structure
• Performing the same function

Question 17

Organs of a multicellular organism

Answer 17

• Groups of different tissues
• Performing a particular function
• E.g. the heart made of different tissues to pump blood

Question 18

Systems of a multicellular organism

Answer 18

• Groups of different organs
• Performing a particular function
• E.g. digestive system made of many organs to digest food and absorb nutrients

Question 19

An complex multicellular organism

Answer 19

• An individual made up of different systems
• That work together to keep the organism alive

Question 20

Epithelial tissue

Answer 20

• a tissue that covers the organs and surfaces of an organism
• e.g. cheek cells

Question 21

Nerve tissue

Answer 21

a tissue that transmits nerve impulses around the body

Question 22

Stem cells

Answer 22

• Cells that have not yet developed or specialised
• Able to specialise into almost any type of cell in the human body

Question 23

Stem cell research

Answer 23

• Harvesting (collecting) stem cells
• Trying to use them to cure diseases

Question 24

Ways of harvesting stem cells

Answer 24

• Adult stem cells from blood, fat tissue and bone marrow
• Umbilical stem cells from the umbilical cord when a baby is born
• Embryonic stem cells from human embryos

Question 25

Reasons for opposition to stem cell research

Answer 25

* The best stem cells are embryonic cells * The embryo is destroyed in the process of harvesting these * This is considered by some to be ethically or morally wrong * They feel that a human life is being destroyed in this process

Question 26

A curved piece of glass that is used to magnify small objects

Answer 26

a lens

Question 27

An instrument used to look at objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye

Answer 27

* A magnifying glass * A microscope

Question 28

The functional unit of any living organism

Answer 28

The cell

Question 29

A general term used to describe the small structures found inside a cell and each perform a particular function

Answer 29

Organelle

Question 30

Chemical processes that occur in all living organism that are essential to keep the organism alive

Answer 30

Metabolism

Question 31

A small piece of glass that specimens are placed on before they are viewed under the microcope

Answer 31

A slide and coverslip

Question 32

Total magnification when using a microscope: eyepiece of 10X and objective of 10X

Answer 32

100X

Question 33

Objective magnification when the eyepiece lens is 10X and the total magnification is 400X

Answer 33

40X

Question 34

Animal or plant cell? Reasons?

Answer 34

Plant cell * Large central vacuole * Cell wall * Green chloroplasts