CH. 10

Question 1

adipose tissues consist of what type of cells?

Answer 1

• adipocytes
• preadipocytes

Question 2

adipocytes and preadipocyte are what?

Answer 2

ADIPOSCYTES
- modified fibroblasts

PREADIPOCYTES
- can differentiate into new adiposecytes.

Question 3

what is the difference between white and brown fat?

Answer 3

BROWN
- abundent in newborns.
- packed with iron rich mitochondria.
- can release energy as metabolism as heat

WHITE
- predominantly in adults that is unmetabolized creatine.
- endocrine and adipo(cyto)kine secretion, insulation, cushioning, energy storage

Question 4

the macronutrients are?

Answer 4

• proteins
• CHO
• fats

Question 5

define:

1. hungar
2. appetite
3. satiety

Answer 5

1. physical need to eat
2. desire for a particular food.
3. the feeling of fullness or absence of hunger.

Question 6

1. caloric intake is controlled by ________?
2. hunger and satiety are controlled by what?
3. where are calories stored?

Answer 6

1. appetite.
2. hypothalamus: receive near input from the GI tract and cerebral cortex which affects food, smell, and hormones.
3. adipose tissue

Question 7

SHORT-TERM REGULATION OF FOOD

1. the GI tract secretes hormones, what are they? and how does it affect our intake of food?

Answer 7

1.
- CCK (collie cystokinine), increased
- GLP-1 (glucagon line peptide), increased
- insulin (increased)
- which results in all feeding decreased.

• ghrelin (appetite) is increased.
• glucagon (increased)
  which increases appetite

Question 8

the fallowing below are involved in what food intake?

– decrease blood glucose increase appetite
– increase blood ketoacids occurs in hypothalamus
satiety center = increase feeling of “fullness”
– Adipose cells secrete hormones
* Leptin-(decreased appetite) decreases appetite & food intake & decreases insulin release
from pancreas

Answer 8

INTERMEDIATE & LONG TERM REGULATION OF FOOD

Question 9

being overweight an obese has an increase risk for what medical conditions?

Answer 9

– Hypertension*
– Hyperlipidemia*
– Type 2 diabetes*
– CAD & CHD*
– Stroke*

Question 10

what are 2 hormones that are known as adipocytokines?

Answer 10

• IL-6 & TNF-a