Ch. 12

Question 1

Capabilities of duplex upper extremities:

Answer 1

1. Localize stenosis/occlusion aneurysm
2. Hemodialysis access graft surveillance

Question 2

__________ is a connection between an artery and vein

Answer 2

Hemodialysis access graft

Question 3

Types of hemodialysis access graft:

Answer 3

1. Autologous
2. Synthetic

Question 4

Autologous graft connects:

Answer 4

Radial artery to cephalic vein

Question 5

Synthetic graft connection:

Answer 5

Brachial artery to axilla vein

Question 6

__________ graft is straight or looped

Answer 6

Synthetic

Question 7

__________ graft is the brescia-cimino

Answer 7

Autologous

Question 8

_________ is vibration felt under skin due to high velocity, turbulent flow

Answer 8

Thrill

Question 9

If evaluating for hemodialysis graft what do you have to check for?

Answer 9

Thrill

Question 10

If you’re scanning a hemodialysis access graft what are you supposed to pay attention to:

Answer 10

1. inflow artery
2. Arterial anastomosis
3. Graft body
4. Venous anastomosis
5. Outflow vein

Question 11

Normal hemodialysis waveform at prox artery:

Answer 11

1. Low resistance
2. Increase EDV

Question 12

Normal flow in graft:

Answer 12

High velocity & turbulent

Question 13

Thumping high resistance in prox artery or graft =

Answer 13

Graft Occlusion

Question 14

Low velocity dampened, continuous =

Answer 14

Proximal inflow problem

Question 15

Focal elevated velocity in a fistula graft =

Answer 15

Graft stenosis

Question 16

Perigraft fluid in a fistula graft:

Answer 16

Infection

Question 17

__________ reversal of flow in the distal artery

Answer 17

Steal syndrome

Question 18

Capabilities of duplex lower extremities:

Answer 18

• Evaluation of location & severity of stenosis vs. occlusion
• % of diameter of reduction
• Aneurysm
• Bypass graft & stent surveillance

Question 19

_________ connect artery to reroute blood flow in presence of significant extensive arterial ostruction

Answer 19

Bypass graft

Question 20

Important areas to be evaluated on a bypass graft:

Answer 20

1. inflow artery
2. Prox anastomosis
3. Graft body
4. Distal anastomosis
5. Outflow artery

Question 21

What is a synthetic graft made of?

Answer 21

PTFE

Question 22

_______ Grafts evaluate anastomosis sites for possible leakage

Answer 22

Synthetic

Question 23

_______ graft keeps vein in place. Removed from venous & connected to arterial branches must be ligated & valves removed

Answer 23

In situ saphenous vein

Question 24

_________ graft evaluates body due to risk of AVF from branches or stenosis from residual valves

Answer 24

In situ saphenous vein

Question 25

___________ graft the veins is removed & flipped upside down. Branches ligated, valves kept in place since now allow for blood to move in right direction

Answer 25

Reversed saphenous vein

Question 26

__________ graft evaluates for prox anastomosis due to small size

Answer 26

Reversed saphenous vein

Question 27

A 2:1 prestenotic to stenotic ratio means a ________ diameter reduction

Answer 27

> 50%

Question 28

2:1 ratio means that the stenotic velocity is _________ the proximal segment (PSV)

Answer 28

Doubles

Question 29

A 4:1 prestenotic to stenotic ratio means a _________ diameter reduction

Answer 29

>75%

Question 30

Retrograde flow in native artery at distal anastomosis is ____________

Answer 30

Normal

Question 31

Flow moves into __________ of native artery

Answer 31

Lower pressure

Question 32

4:1 ratio means that the stenotic velocity is ________ the prestenotic velocity (proximal velocity)

Answer 32

Quadruples

Question 33

________ increase in diameter >50%. Peripherally most likely seen in pop.

Answer 33

Aneurysm

Question 34

___________: Post procedure connecting channel or neck must be documented. To and fro flow (bidirectional)

Answer 34

Pseudoaneurysm

Question 35

Normal hemodialysis waveform at fistula:

Answer 35

* Low resistance * High PSV & EDV

Question 36

Normal hemodialysis waveform at prox vein:

Answer 36

Pulsatile

Question 37

Normal hemodialysis waveform at dist artery:

Answer 37

* Back to normal * High resistance