Telophase i
Two haploid cells form; chromosomes are still duplicated.
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm to form separate cells.
Locus (loci)
The specific physical location of a gene on a chromosome.
Germ cell
A reproductive cell that gives rise to gametes through meiosis
Trisomy
Having an extra chromosome (2n + 1).
Chiasma (chiasmata)
The visible point where crossing over occurs.
Prophase i
Homologous chromosomes pair, crossing over occurs, spindle forms.
Polyploid
A cell or organism with more than two complete sets of chromosomes.
Allele
Different versions of the same gene found at the same locus on homologous chromosomes
Somatic cell
Any body cell that is not involved in reproduction; typically diploid
Life cylce
The sequence of stages an organism goes through from zygote to adult to reproduction.
Asexual reproduction
Reproduction involving one parent and no gametes; offspring are genetically identical.
Sister chromatids
Identical copies of a chromosome produced during DNA replication.
Synapsis
Pairing of homologous chromosomes during Prophase I.
Gamete
A haploid reproductive cell (sperm or egg).
Metaphase i
Homologous chromosome pairs line up at the metaphase plate.
Centromere
The region where sister chromatids are joined and spindle fibers attach.
Independent assortment
Random alignment of homologous chromosomes during Metaphase I.
Recombinant chromosomes
Chromosomes containing new combinations of alleles due to crossing over.
Diploid
2n. A cell with two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent).
Prophase ii
Chromosomes condense and spindle forms in haploid cells.
Metaphase ii
Individual chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate.
Meiosis
Two-stage cell division that produces four genetically different haploid gametes.
Zygote
The diploid cell formed immediately after fertilization.
