Deep-Level Diversity
Differences in values, personality, & work preferences that become progressively more important as people get to know each other
Surface-Level Diversity
Differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, or age, that do not necessarily reflect the way people think or feel but that may activate certain stereotypes
Discrimination
To note a difference between things
Unfair Discrimination
Assumed stereotypes about groups
Biographical Characteristics
Personal characteristics, such as age, gender, race, and length of tenure, that are objective & easily obtained from personnel records
Tenure
- Defined as amount of work experience
- Good predictor of employee productivity
- Positively related to job satisfaction
Intellectual Abilities
Abilities needed to perform mental activities– thinking, reasoning, and problem solving
• Highly valued
Ability
An individual’s current capacity to perform various tasks in a job
TYPES:
- ) Intellectual
- ) Physical
General Mental Ability (GMA)
An overall factor of intelligence as suggested by the positive correlations among specific intellectual ability dimensions
Physical Ability
The capacity to do tasks that demand stamina, dexterity, strength, & similar characteristics
• 9 basic abilities needed to perform physical tasks
Diversity Management
The process and programs by which managers make everyone more aware of and sensitive to the needs & differences of others.
• Diversity more successful when everyone participates.
Does job performance decline with increasing age?
Studies show that turnover & absenteeism rates are lower among older workers, and age is not associated with lower productivity.
Gender Discrimination in Work Place?
- No differences between genders in problem solving, analytical skills, competitive drive, motivation, sociability, or learning drive
- But women earn less than men for same positions and have fewer job opportunities
Race & Ethnicity Discrimination in the Work Place?
- Employees tend to favor colleagues of their own race in performance evaluations, promotions, & pay raises.
- African Americans & Hispanics perceive higher discrimination.
- African Americans fare worse than whites in employment decisions.
Disability Discrimination in the Work Place?
- Workers with disabilities receive higher performance evaluations but may have lower expectations.
- There may be biases against those with mental impairments.
- Can still be hired and accommodated
Religious Discrimination in the Work Place?
• U.S. law prohibits discrimination based on religion, but it is still an issue, especially for Muslims.
Sexual Orientation & Gender Identity Discrimination in the Work Place?
- Federal law does not protect employees against discrimination based on sexual orientation, but this may soon change.
- Most Fortune 500 companies have policies covering sexual orientation, and about half on gender identity.
How Can Organizations Attract, Select, Develop, & Retain Diverse Employees?
- ) Target recruiting messages to specific demographic groups.
- ) Ensure hiring is bias-free.
- ) Create a positive diversity climate.
How Can Managers Create a Common Way of Looking at & Accomplishing Tasks, as well as Enhance Communication Among Diverse Groups?
- ) Emphasize higher-level similarities among people.
2. ) Use transformational leadership.
How Can Organizations Employ Effective Diversity Programs?
- ) Teach managers about the legal framework for equal employment opportunity and encourage fair treatment of all people.
- ) Teach managers how a diverse workforce will be more effective at serving a diverse customer base.
- ) Foster personal development practices that bring out the skills & abilities of everyone.
Perceptual Speed
Ability to identify visual similarities & differences quickly & accurately
Inductive Reasoning
Ability to identify a logical sequence in a problem and then solve the problem
Deductive Reasoning
Ability to use logic and assess the implications of an argument
Static Strength
Ability to exert force against external objects
