Ch 24 Flashcards

(212 cards)

1
Q

What does past perfect tense refer to?

A

Action that occurred in the past prior to another past action. It is a compound tense akin to “I had eaten”

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2
Q

How do you form past perfect tense in Spanish?

A

use imperfect of haber + past participle on main verb

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3
Q

I had returned

A

yo había vuelto

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4
Q

you had started

A

tú habías empezado

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5
Q

she had done

A

ella había hecho

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6
Q

we had known

A

nosotros habíamos sabido

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7
Q

they(ellas) had eaten

A

ellas habían comido

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8
Q

When is past perfect tense used?

A

In sentences and questions that are directly linked to the past. Expresses action that precedes other action. Sentence may begin with imperfect or preterit tense and continue with past perfect.

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9
Q

You (Ud) knew that we had left.

A

Ud. sabía que habíamos salido.

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10
Q

I believed that he had died.

A

Yo creí que él se había muerto.

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11
Q

They saw the woman who hadn’t said anything.

A

Ellos vieron a la mujer que no había dicho nada.

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12
Q

Where do reflexive, indirect and direct object pronouns go in past perfect?

A

before haber

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13
Q

She knew that he hadn’t written to me.

A

Ella sabía que él no me había escrito.

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14
Q

I realized that they hadn’t done it.

A

Me di cuenta de que ellos no lo habían hecho.

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15
Q

Infinitive form of haber is used after a preposition

A

FYI

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16
Q

After having arrived in Peru, the adventurers looked for a hotel in Cuzco.

A

Después de haber llegado a Perú, los aventureros buscaron un hotel en Cuzco.

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17
Q

After having eaten, I went to the train platform.

A

Después de haber comido, fui a la plataforma del tren.

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18
Q

The actor learned the dialogue without having rehearsed much.

A

El actor aprendió el diálogo sin haber ensayado mucho.

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19
Q

The children thought that their parents had left.

A

Los niños pensaron que sus padres habían salido.

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20
Q

I had already set the table when my family arrived.

A

Yo había puesto la mesa cuando mi familia llegó.

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21
Q

Roberto went to a country that he had never visited before.

A

Roberto fue a un país que él nunca había visitado antes.

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22
Q

My colleagues told me that they had finished their work.

A

Mis colegas me dijeron que habían terminado sus trabajo.

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23
Q

The professor knew that I had studied.

A

El profesor sabía que yo había estudiado.

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24
Q

The girl thought that her dog had returned.

A

La niña pensaba que su perro había vuelto.

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25
They said that they had returned the books to the library.
Ellos dijeron que habían devuelto los libros a la biblioteca.
26
We believed that our friends had written to us.
Creíamos que nuestros amigos nos habían escrito.
27
We were sure that the young people had had success.
Estuvimos seguras que los jóvenes habían tenido éxito.
28
We thought that the thieves had been in the bank.
Pensábamos que los ladrones habían estado en el banco.
29
The police believed that we had seen them.
El policía creía que nosotros los habíamos visto.
30
We told the detectives that we had not been good witnesses.
Les dijimos a los detectives que no habíamos sido buenos testigos.
31
Everyone had gone for the summer.
Todo el mundo había ido para el verano.
32
Had you (Uds.) been waiting a long time before seeing the doctor?
¿Habían esperado Uds. mucho tiempo antes de ver al doctor?
33
I had rested before eating dinner.
Yo había descansado antes de cenar.
34
to retire (from a job)
jubilarse
35
Before retiring, Anita had paid off her debts.
Antes de jubilarse, Anita había pagado sus deudas.
36
debts
las deudas
37
Why hadn’t you given the waiter a good tip before leaving the restaurant?
¿Por qué no le habías dado al camarero una buena propina antes de salir del restaurante?
38
the senator (f)
la senadora
39
No one had told the senator that she had lost the election.
Nadie le había dicho a la senadora que ella había perdido la elección.
40
to go well/badly for someone
cogerle bien/mal a alguien or salirle bien/mal a alguien
41
let’s say (nosotros command of decir)
digamos
42
to struggle, to fight
luchar
43
to dream about
soñar con
44
to try to
tratar de
45
the nightmare
la pesadilla
46
the fish (sing & pl) (alive, not food)
el pez, los peces
47
the shark
el tiburon
48
wide-awake
despierto
49
exhausted
exhausto
50
What could it be? (lit. what will it be?
¿qué será?
51
the dream
el sueño
52
After having read his book and having turned off the TV, Octavio went to bed.
Después de haber leído su libro y de haber apagado la tele, Octavio se acostó.
53
The previous nights, he hadn’t been able to sleep well because of his dreams, let’s say, nightmares, but tonight he had the determination to dream about good things.
Las noches anteriores él no había podido dormir bien por sus sueños, digamos, pesadillas, pero esta noche él tenía la determinación de soñar con buenas cosas.
54
He tried to think about something good.
Trató de pensar en algo bueno.
55
What could it be? He thought.
¿Qué será?, pensaba.
56
On Tuesday, he had thought about love and that went badly, on Wednesday he had thought about money, but that dream didn’t go well either.
El martes, había pensado en el amor y eso le cogió mal, el miércoles, había pensado en el dinero, pero tampoco le salió bien el sueño.
57
On Thursday he thought about taking some vacations in Hawaii and a lot of sharks filled his dreams.
El jueves pensó en tomar algunas vacaciones en Hawái y muchos tiburones llenaban sus sueños.
58
He woke up exhausted, fighting with the fish.
Se despertó exhausto, luchando contra los peces.
59
Today, being Friday, he stayed awake all night, the only solution that Octavia could think of.
Hoy siendo viernes, se quedó despierto toda la noche, la única solución en la cual Octavio podía pensar.
60
Remembering Nicaragua
recordando de Nicaragua
61
the army
el ejército
62
In the year 1987, Nicaragua was suffering the ends of their civil war.
En el año mil novecientos ochenta y siete Nicaragua estaba sufriendo los fines de su guerra civil.
63
The Sandinistas fought against Somoza’s army, the Contras fought against the Sandinistas.
Los Sandinistas luchaban contra el ejército de Somoza, los contras luchaban contra los sandinistas.
64
Daniel Ortega was president and leader of the Sandinistas, the name and the movement inspired by August Cesar Sandino, national hero of Nicaragua that had died many years before.
Daniel Ortega era presidente y líder de los sandinistas, el nombre y el movimiento inspirados por August César Sandino, héroe nacional de Nicaragua que había muerto muchos años atrás.
65
There was lot to understand - who was fighting against whom and why.
Era mucho que entender-quien estaba luchando contra quien y por qué.
66
the interpreters
los intérpretes
67
I went to Managua, capital of Nicaragua, with a group of interpreters and scientist.
Fui a Managua, capital de Nicaragua, con un grupo de intérpretes y científicos.
68
We arrived in August at a pleasant house among friendly people.
Llegamos en agosto a una casa agradable entre gente amable.
69
From the beginning, we felt comfortable in our guest house, the Nicaraguan owners treated us well and served us meals and showed us their poetry.
Desde el principio, nos sentíamos cómodos en nuestra pensión; los dueños nicaragüenses nos trataban bien, nos servían las comidas, y nos mostraban su poesía.
70
It seemed to us that everyone was a poet.
(Nos parecía que toda la gente era poeta.)
71
After having been in Managua for two days, we started out job at the University, teaching the advanced students mathematics, science, medicine and astrophysics.
Después de haber estado en Managua dos días, empezamos nuestro trabajo en la universidad, enseñándoles a los estudiantes avanzados las matemáticas, la ciencia, la medicine, y la astrofísica.
72
In the night, we returned to the house and passed many pleasant nights with friends; we talked about the war, about drugs, and about happiness.
Por la noche volvíamos a la casa y pasábamos muchas noches agradables con amigos; hablábamos de la guerra, de las drogas, de la felicidad.
73
The incredible thing is that in spite of everything, the Nicaraguans had maintained a profound love for life.
Lo increíble era que a pesar de todo, los nicaragüenses habían mantenido un amor profunda por la vida.
74
Meanwhile, the war continued.
Mientras tanto, la guerra continuaba.
75
Past participle also used as an adjective . Follows noun it describes.
FYI
76
rotten
podrido
77
the preferred restaurant
el restaurante preferido
78
the lost telephone
el teléfono perdido
79
the rotten eggs
los huevos podridos
80
the known enemy
en enemigo conocido
81
the closed windows
la ventana cerrada
82
the opened doors
las puertas abiertas
83
the treasure
el tesoro
84
to record, to engrave
grabar
85
to deliver
entregar
86
the burnt food
la comida quemada
87
the broken table
la mesa rota
88
the dead bird
el pájaro muerto
89
the well done homework
la tarea bien hecha
90
the well expressed ideas
las ideas bien expresadas
91
the sleeping boy
el niño dormido
92
the dear friend
el amigo querido
93
the cars sold
los carros vendidos
94
the purchased blouses
las blusas compradas
95
last year
el año pasado
96
the solved problems
los problemas resueltos
97
the rented apartment
el apartamento alquilado
98
the hidden treasure
el tesoro escondido
99
the delivered letters
las cartas entregadas
100
the recorded soap opera
la telenovela grabada
101
I’m tired.
Estoy cansada.
102
Are you dressed?
¿Estás vestido?
103
The bathroom is occupied.
El baño está ocupado.
104
The table is set.
La mesa está puesta.
105
The television set is on.
El televisor está prendido.
106
We are angry.
Estamos enojados.
107
We are seated.
Estamos sentados.
108
You all (Uds) are mistaken.
Uds. están equivocados.
109
The workers are worried.
Los trabajadores están preocupados.
110
When past participle is used as an adjective with estar, it indicates that the idea expressed is the result of an action.
FYI
111
Susana is going to write a book.
Susana va a escribir un libro.
112
She is writing a book.
Ella está escribiendo un libro.
113
The book is written.
El libro está escrito.
114
The musicians are going to record the song.
Los músicos van a grabar la canción.
115
They are recording the song.
Están grabando la canción.
116
The song is recorded.
La canción está grabada.
117
The girl is going to hide her doll.
La niña va a esconder su muñeca,
118
She is hiding her doll.
Ella está escondiendo su muñeca.
119
The doll is hidden.
La muñeca está escondida.
120
The man is going to die.
El hombre va a morir.
121
He is dying.
Él está muriendo.
122
The man is dead.
El hombre está muerto.
123
The owner is going to close the store.
El dueño va a cerrar la tienda.
124
He is closing the store.
Está cerrando la tienda.
125
The store is closed.
La tienda está cerrada.
126
In the morning, this man is going to open the store.
En la mañana, este hombre va a abrir la tienda.
127
He’s opening it.
Está abriéndola.
128
The store is opened.
La tienda está abierta.
129
Shakira is going to write a song.
Shakira va a escribir una canción.
130
She’s writing it.
Está escribiéndola.
131
The song is written.
La canción está escrita.
132
We are going to build a house.
Vamos a construir una casa.
133
We are building it.
Estamos construyéndola.
134
The house is built.
La casa está construida.
135
The students are going to do their homework.
Los estudiantes van a hacer su tarea.
136
They are doing it.
Están haciéndola.
137
The homework is done.
La tarea está hecha.
138
the bees
la abejas
139
The bees are going to die.
Las abejas van a morir.
140
They are dying.
Están muriendo.
141
The bees are dead.
Las abejas están muertas.
142
The parents are going to fry some eggs.
Los padres van a freír unos huevos.
143
They are frying them.
Están friéndolos.
144
The eggs are fried.
Los huevos están fritos.
145
We are a going to resolve our problems.
Vamos a resolver nuestros problemas.
146
We are resolving them.
Estamos resolviéndolos.
147
The problems are resolved.
Los problemas están resueltos.
148
The woman is sad. Sad is the woman. The store is closed. And she doesn’t know what to do.
La mujer está triste. Triste está la mujer. La tienda está cerrada y no sabe qué hacer.
149
wounded
herido
150
to hurt, to wound
herir, lastimar
151
The doctor is wounded. Wounded is the doctor. The worried doctors (medicos) care for him with love.
El doctor está herido. Herido está el doctor. Los médicos preocupados lo cuidan con amor.
152
The sky is cloudy. It looks like it’s going to rain. The people don’t want to wet themselves and begin to run.
El cielo está nublado. Parece que va a llover. La gente no quiere mojarse y empieza a correr.
153
a trunk (like luggage)
el baúl
154
The trunk is packed. Packed is the trunk. The couple goes to the Caribbean to swim in the blue water.
El baúl está arreglado. Arreglado está el baúl. La pareja va al Caribe a nadar en el agua azul.
155
the lovers
los amantes
156
The couple is separated. Divided is the home. The lovers don’t remember when they stopped loving each other.
La pareja está separada. Dividido está el hogar. Los amantes no se acuerdan cuando se dejaron de amar.
157
ser + past participle expresses the action itself, a passive voice and often followed by por.
In speech, generally better to use active voice. Pass is infrequently used in Spanish.
158
The book Don Quixote was written by Cervantes.
El libro Don Quixote fue escrito por Cervantes.
159
The door was opened by the doorman.
La puerta fue abierta por el portero.
160
The houses were robbed by the thieves.
Las casa fueron robadas por los ladrones.
161
The churches in Guatemala were constructed by the Spaniards.
Las iglesias en Guatemala fueron construidas por los españoles.
162
The meal was served by the waiter.
La comida fue servida por el camarero.
163
the mailman
el cartero
164
The letter has been delivered by the mailman.
La carta ha sido entregada por el cartero.
165
the accountant
el contador
166
The taxes have been prepared by the accountants.
Los impuestos han sido preparados por los contadores.
167
to warn
advertir
168
The witnesses had been warned by the judge.
Los testigos habían sido advertidos por el juez.
169
The apartment had been rented by two friends.
El apartamento había sido alquilado por dos amigos.
170
The lunch was prepared by the cook.
El almuerzo fue preparado por el cocinero.
171
The cook prepared the lunch.
El cocinero preparó el almuerzo.
172
The letter was written by Carla.
La carta fue escrito por Carla.
173
The drinking glasses were found by the anthropologists
Los vasos fueron hallados por los antropólogos.
174
the anthropologist
el antropólogo
175
The country has been governed by a dictator.
El país ha sido gobernado por un dictador.
176
The class was taught by the teacher.
La clase fue enseñada por el maestro.
177
The criminal was recognized by the victim.
El criminal fue reconocido por la víctima.
178
The gifts were offered by the parents.
Los regalos fueron ofrecidos por los padres.
179
The shirts had been ironed by Catalina.
Las camisas habían sido planchadas por Catalina.
180
The lights were turned off by the tenants.
Las luces fueron apagados por los inquilinos.
181
They say that the Americas were discovered by Colon in 1492.
Se dice que las Américas fueron descubiertas por Colón en mil cuatro cientos noventa y dos.
182
to iron
planchar
183
Carla wrote the letter.
Carla escribió la carta.
184
The anthropologists found the drinking glasses.
Los antropólogos hallaron los vasos.
185
A dictator has governed the country.
Un dictador ha gobernado el país.
186
The teacher taught the class.
El maestro enseñó la clase.
187
The victim recognized the criminal.
La víctima reconoció al criminal.
188
The parents offered the gifts.
Los padres ofrecieron los regalos.
189
Catalina had ironed the shirts.
Catalina había planchado las camisas.
190
The tenants turned off the lights.
Los inquilinos apagaron las luces.
191
They say that Columbus discovered the Americas in 1492.
Se dice que Colón descubrió las Américas en mil cuatrocientos noventa y dos.
192
to hurry
apresurarse
193
to fall down (oneself)
caerse
194
to make one’s way, to direct oneself
dirigirse
195
To send
enviar
196
to break (reflexive)
romperse
197
came (past subjunctive)
viniera
198
the Count (like Dracula)
el conde
199
Don Juan Manuel was born in Escalona, Toledo and died in 1348 in Peñafiel, Valladolid.
Don Juan Manuel nació en Escalona, Toledo, y se murió en mil trescientos cuarenta y ocho en Peñafiel, Valladolid.
200
to belong to, to pertain to
pertenecer
201
immediately
inmediatamente
202
He belongs to the literary-didactic tradition of the Middle Ages.
Él pertenece a la tradición literaria-didáctica de la Edad Media.
203
There was in the Castilian court a man of great intelligence and virtue called don Sancho, who was highly esteemed by the king.
Había en la corte de Castilla un hombre de gran inteligencia y virtud llamado don Sancho, el cual era muy estimado por el rey.
204
One of don Sancho’s favorite expressions was the following: “Everything that happens to us is always for the best.”
Una de las expresiones favoritas de don Sancho era la siguiente: “Todo lo que nos pasa es siempre para lo mejor.”
205
Some nobles were jealous of him and accused him of preparing a revolution.
Algunos nobles le tenían envidia y lo acusaron de que preparaba una revolución.
206
The king believed them and sent a messenger so that don Sancho would come immediately to the court.
El rey les creyó y envió un mensajero para que don Sancho viniera inmediatamente a la corte.
207
At the same time, the king gave orders to kill him on the way.
Al mismo tiempo, el rey daba órdenes para matarlo en camino.
208
Don Sancho hurried to obey, but rushing down the stairs of his house, he fell and he broke a leg.
Don Sancho se apresuró a obedecer, pero al bajar de prisa las escaleras de su casa, se cayó y se rompió una pierna.
209
In the middle of pain, he repeated: “Everything that happens to us is always for the best.”
En medio del dolor, repetía: :”Todo lo que nos pasa es siempre para lo mejor.”
210
Because of the accident. he couldn’t go to the king’s court.
A causa del accidente, no pudo ir a la corte del rey.
211
Meanwhile, he discovered the falsehood of the accusations against don Sancho and punished the guilty ones.
Mientras tanto, él descubrió la falsedad de las acusaciones contra don Sancho y castigó a los culpables.
212
Don Sancho made his way finally to the court, where he was received with great honors.
Don Sancho se dirigió, por fin, a la corte, donde fue recibido con grandes honores.