Ch 4

Question 1

in modern viticulture the most important grape species are?

Answer 1

1) vitis vinifera

2) American wines

Question 2

vitis vinifera is imporant why

Answer 2

___ is the main European species

-produces nearly all the grapes used in wine making for 1000s of years

Question 3

explaine the importance of American Vines

Answer 3

3 important species of native vines

• rarely used for wine making
• resistant to phylloxera
• widely used to produce root stock by grafting

Question 4

what are the principal differences between grape varieties

Answer 4

• variation in color
• flavor
• taste
• quality of fruit
• budding
• ripening time
• resistant to disease

Question 5

2 ways grape variety is grown or propagated so that the plant is identical to the original

Answer 5

1) cutting-is a section of a vine shoot that is planted and forms a new plant
2) layering (in vineyard) a cane is bent down and a section is berried and eventually it takes root.

Question 6

define clones

Answer 6

• genetically identical but still possiable to observe variations as a result of mutation
• can be achieved from cutting and layering

Question 7

an example of a mutation that has significant effect that resulting plants are treated like a new variety

Answer 7

pinot blanc and pino gris are both mutation of the grape pinot noir

Question 8

what is cross-fertillisation

Answer 8

where the pollen from the male part of a flower of one vine is transferred to the female of another flower

• new variety because genetic materiel will be different from that of its parents
• drawback –> time consuming

Question 9

when would possible situation when it would be advantageous to grow in a head grafting format?

Answer 9

• used by a grower that has decided to change varieties between seasons
• adjustments to market demands quickly

Question 10

define head grafting

Answer 10

• existing vine is cut back to trunk and a bud or cutting of a new variety is grafted
• produces fruit the next season & 3 years to produce commercial crop

Question 11

define bench grafting

Answer 11

an automated process that is carried out by specialist plant nurseries
-section of a cane and rood stock are joined by machine and stored in a warm environment in order to encourage the 2 parts to fuse together

Question 12

benefits of American rootstock

Answer 12

protection for European vines

• protection against nemotodes
• provides better resistance to doubt conditions

Question 13

phylloxera

Answer 13

• insect native to North America
• V Vinifera Defensless
• Feeds on roots of vine
• AM rootstock has stick sap that cloggs its mouth
• not found in Chile, some parts of Argentina, and S Australia

Question 14

Define Hybrids

Answer 14

___ is a vine whose parents come from 2 different vine species
eg: typically will have an AM vine as parent

Vidal

Question 15

define crossings

Answer 15

when a new variety is produced from 2 parents of the same species
Franc X Sauv Blan = Cab Sauv
Riesling X Madeleine Royal= Muller Thurgua
Pinot Noir X Cincault = Pinotage

Question 16

leaves

Answer 16

• plant engine
• responsible for photosynthesis, sunlight converts water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen
• glucose= sugar that is used to support vine growth and ripen grapes

Question 17

flowers and berries

Answer 17

vine’s reproductive organ

-group is call inflorescenes

Question 18

trendrills

Answer 18

used to grip and support
-senses a structure and warps around

eg: wrap around a wire in order to keep shoots upwrite

Question 19

Buds

Answer 19

from in the joint between leaf and shoot

• embryonic shoot
• each__- contains in miniature all the structure that will become shoots, leaves, flowers tendrils, the following year

Question 20

parts of the vine?

Answer 20

tendrils
buds
flower/ berries
leaves
one year old wood
permanent wood
roots

Question 21

one- year old wood

Answer 21

• shoots turn wood during winter
• buds from prevous year burst and grow shoots
• every winter vines is pruned and will be called can or spur depending on number of buds left
• cane 8-20 -spur 2-3

Question 22

permanent wood

Answer 22

wood more than 1 year old

-made up of trunk arms

Question 23

roots

Answer 23

• function 10 absorb water & nutrients
• anchor vine
• store carbohydrates
• survive winter