Biology > Ch 4 Cells > Flashcards

Ch 4 Cells Flashcards

(55 cards)

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0
Q

Cell wall

A

Contains peptideglycans

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1
Q

Microtubules

A

Protrude from centrosome and form centrioles, cilia and flagella

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2
Q

Nucleoid

A

Region which contains a single chromosome

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3
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Outer boundary of cell
Embedded proteins
Associated glycolipids and cholesterol

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4
Q

Actin filament

A

Interact with motor molecules myosin in muscles

Muscles for movement

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5
Q

Lysosome

A

Protein containing vesicles within cells in the digestive system
Contain Hydrolytic enzymes
Fuses with vesicles from cell membrane containing macromolecules
Digestion occurs and nutrients release to cells

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6
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Complex system of sacs and channels

Attached ribosomes
Serves as site of assembly of proteins for export’s

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7
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Helps detoxify substances in a cell
H202
Making hydrogen peroxide or breaking it down

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8
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Semi fluid within

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9
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesizes lipid products such as phospholipids and steroids
Released in vesicles

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10
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Packaging in processing center for cells products
Vesicles fuse with Golgi and products are released inside
Produces lysosome

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11
Q

Chromosome

A

DNA condensed getting ready for division

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12
Q

Nucleolus

A

Dark regions of chromatin which produce rRNA which is composed of ribosomes rna

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13
Q

Chloroplast

A 
Sites of photosynthesis 
capture light energy and converted to chemical energy to form food molecules.   
Grana
Stroma
Membranous a system of thylakoids
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14
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

Double layered surrounds nucleus and has large pores

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15
Q

Mitochondria

A

Another energy related organelle
Matrix
Cristae
double membrane

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16
Q

Centrioles

A

Short tubules with 9+0 pattern of microtubule triplets

Believed to be involved in microtubule formation including mitotic spindle

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17
Q

Cell theory

A

All Things are composed of cells
Cells are the functional and structural units of organisms
All cells are derived from previous is existing cell
Schleiden and schwann

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18
Q

Robert Hooke

Leeuwenhoek

Schleiden and schwann

A

First observed cells in cork

Invented light microscope

Proposed cell theory

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19
Q

Cell size

A

Service over volume ratio determine cell size
Surface-increases by the square of a radius
Volume increases as the cube of the radius

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20
Q

Cristae

A

Inner Folds on the membrane

Providing increase surface area for the production of ATP

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21
Q

Cholesterol

A

ProVides flexibility to cell membrane

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21
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

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A

Arrangement of hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends

22
Q

Small cells

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A

Greater surface volume ratio

22
Nucleus
``` Contains genetic material DNA Nuclear membrane Chromatin Nucleolus Nucleoplasm ```
22
Chromatin
DNA not condensed before divided
23
Large cells
Volume increases while surface does not
24
Surface area
Nutrients go through surface to get to the cell. Cells must be small in order for the surface area to be adequate to supply nutrients
25
Ribosomes
Site of protein assembly Composed of RNA subunits Exist as free ribosomes or bounded to endoplasmic reticulum
26
SEM and TEM
Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope
27
Eukaryotic cells
Have a membrane-bound nucleus | All plants and animals are eukaryotic
29
Cell membrane
Barrier between cell and it's environment Regulation of transporting substances in and out of this Contains protein and it's a very dynamic fluid structure
31
Plant cells
Outer cell wall in addition to plasma membrane which is composed of cellulose for rigidity
32
Organelles
Sub cellular structures which perform specific life functions for cells Found in animal and plant cells
34
Organelles specifically found in either plants or animals
Plants -chloroplast, central vacuole | Animals -centrioles
35
Endomembrane system
Includes nuclear membrane, | endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus and vesicles
36
Assemble proteins
Enter channels for processing | released in vesicles
36
Apoptosis
Cell suicide | Lysosomal membranes in older damage cells rupture and enzymes digest the cell
37
Grana and granum
In the chloroplast structure regions of stack thylakoids Grana Plural and Granum non-Plural
38
Stroma
Surrounded by fluid-filled double outer membrane | Fluid inside chloroplast
39
Cellular respiration
Process of oxidizing food molecules See 6H1206+602--/--6C02+6H20+ATP Carbohydrate plus oxygen carbon ------->dioxide plus water plus energy (ATP)
40
Metrix
Surrounded by a fluid filled double membrane
41
Site of aerobic cell respiration
Production of ATP
42
Relationship between mitochondria and chloroplasts
Only plants and algae have chloroplasts | all cells and plants animals contain mitochondria
43
Photosynthesis
Light energy +carbon dioxide + water -->carbohydrate +oxygen | Chemicals required by cell respiration are produced in photosynthesis and vice versa
44
Cytoskeleton
Maintain cell shape and allows organelles to move | Actin Filaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules
45
Intermediate filament
Support the nuclear membrane | Support nucleus
46
Centrosome in animal cells
Composed of two centrioles
47
Celia. And Flagella
Hair-like projections, Generally multiple and flagella single or double 9+2 pattern of microtubules
49
Prokaryotic cells
``` Bacteria and Archae Lack nucleus Plasma membrane Ribosomes thylakoids capsules cell wall nucleoid ```
50
Peptideoglycans
Protein sugar molecules in the cell wall of bacteria
51
Thylakoids
And photosynthetic Cyanobacteria
52
Endosymbiont hypothesis
Prokaryotes engulfed by larger cells
53
Chloroplasts and mitochondria
Resemble bacteria both have a double membrane contains DNA contain their own ribosomes
54
Double membrane
Outer could be from vesicle | inner from original cell membrane
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