Chapter 36- Ecology

Question 0

Ecological succession

Answer 0

A change in community composition overtime

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment

Question 2

Biotic potential

Answer 2

The fastest rate A population could potentially grow

Question 3

what does biotic potential depend upon

Answer 3

-number of offspring per reproduction. -chances of offspring surviving until reproduction. -age at which reproduction begins. -how often each individual reproduces

Question 4

Type I survivorship curve

Answer 4

Most individuals die at old age

Question 5

Type II survivorship curve

Answer 5

Decreases consistently over time

Question 6

Type III survivorship curve

Answer 6

Most individuals diet early

Question 7

Doubling time

Answer 7

Length of time it takes for population to double

Question 8

Competitive exclusion principle

Answer 8

No two species can occupy the same ecological niche at the same time

Question 9

Resource partitioning

Answer 9

Decreases competition. slight differences in a way a resource is utilized

Question 10

Mimicry

Answer 10

One species resembles another that has an antipredator defense

Question 11

Batesian Mimicry

Answer 11

A species that lacks a defense mechanism that makes another that has it

Question 12

Mullerian mimicry

Answer 12

Several species with the same defense mechanism share a common characteristic

Question 13

Autrophs

Answer 13

Primary producers

Question 14

What do autrophs require to make organic food molecules?

Answer 14

An energy source and inorganic nutrients

Question 15

Heterotrophs

Answer 15

Consumers

Question 16

Types of heterotrophs?

Answer 16

Consume organic nutrients. - herbivores carnivores omnivores. Decomposers break down decaying material -fungi,bacteria

Question 17

True or false chemicals and nutrients cycle through an ecosystem

Answer 17

True

Question 18

How does energy enter the ecosystem

Answer 18

Sunlight which is absorbed by producers

Question 19

How do chemicals enter ecosystem

Answer 19

When producers absorb inorganic nutrients

Question 20

How do consumers gain nutrients and energy

Answer 20

Eating producers

Question 21

How is energy released into the environment

Answer 21

Heat and waste products

Question 22

What do food webs illustrate

Answer 22

The interrelationships between organisms in the food chain

Question 23

What is the first law of thermodynamics

Answer 23

Energy is neither created nor destroyed (we can only change it’s form)

Question 24

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 24

With every transformation some energy is given off as heat

Question 25

Detritis

Answer 25

Dead organic material

Question 26

Biomass

Answer 26

The number of organisms at each level multiplied by their weight

Question 27

Biome

Answer 27

Major type of terrestrial ecosystem

Question 28

Distribution of biomes is due to

Answer 28

Climatic factors

Question 29

Biomes from closest to equator to north pole

Answer 29

Tropical rain forest Temperate deciduous forest Coniferous forest Tundra

Question 30

Tundra

Answer 30

Permafrost Very cold and dark most of year Short growing season only 20 cm of precipitation a year

Question 31

Taiga

Answer 31

North Canada,Eurasia Temperatures below freezing 1/2 year Long night and a winter long days and summer Vegetation-mosses,pines,firs,spruce

Question 32

Temperate rainforest-Old growth forest

Answer 32

California redwoods

Question 33

Temperate deciduous forest

Answer 33

Bridgewater

Question 34

Tropical forests

Answer 34

South America,Africa Weathers always warm,abundant rainfall Biome with greatest diversity of species

Question 35

Shrub lands

Answer 35

Shops with waxy leaves adapted to arid conditions | Dense shrubland in California

Question 36

Grassland

Answer 36

Brain fog greater than 25 cm but not enough to support trees | A.k.a. Savanna

Question 37

Deserts

Answer 37

Less than 25 cm per year of rain Animals adopted to arid conditions -many are burrowing animals -nocturnal to avoid heat

Question 38

Oligotrophic lake

Answer 38

Nutrient poor

Question 39

Eutrophic Lakes

Answer 39

Nutrient rich

Question 40

Lake sacrification

Answer 40

Seasonal turnover in temperate zone occurs in fall and spring

Question 41

Coastal ecosystems

Answer 41

Salt marshes,mud flats,mangrove forests Estuaries - near mouth of the rivers - feeding grounds of many bird,fish,shellfish

Question 42

Brackish

Answer 42

Dilute Seawater

Question 43

Estuaries contain what type of water

Answer 43

Brackish water

Question 44

Pelagic division organisms

Answer 44

Live in a water column

Question 45

Benthic division organisms

Answer 45

Live on bottom of the ocean or burrow into ground

Question 46

Gaseous cycle

Answer 46

Drawn from and returns to atmosphere

Question 47

Sedimentary cycle

Answer 47

Element is drawn from soil by plant roots, Eaten by consumers,returned to the soil By decomposers

Question 48

What is happening to aquifers

Answer 48

They are being drain faster than they can be naturally replenished aka water mining

Question 49

Phosphorus cycle

Answer 49

1) phosphate enter soil as rocks undergo weather process | 2) (phosphate)picked up by producers and cycles through consumers and finally decomposers

Question 50

Human impact on the phosphorus cycle

Answer 50

Accelerated transfer rate due to bus the mining supplementation and farm fields, detergents

Question 51

Cultural eutrophication

Answer 51

Over enrichment of phosphate

Question 52

What can cultural eutrophication cause

Answer 52

- Increased algal bloom - As allergy dies of decomposers consume high-level's of O2 in water - Results in massive fish kills

Question 53

Nitrogen fixation

Answer 53

Conversion of nitrogen gas (N2)to ammonium (NH4) by bacteria

Question 54

nitrification

Answer 54

Production of nitrates which plants can also use

Question 55

Denitrification

Answer 55

Nitrate back to atmosphere bc nitrogen bacteria

Question 56

Nitrogen gas can be converted into nitrate by:

Answer 56

Lightning Meteor trails Cosmic radiation

Question 57

Carbon cycle

Answer 57

- Photosynthesis takes up CO2 from atmosphere | - cell respiration returned it to atmosphere

Question 58

Reservoirs of carbon

Answer 58

Dead organisms-(fossil feuls) | Forest