1
Q
The abdomen is composed of ____ & ____ cavities.
A
- Abdominal
2. Pelvic
2
Q
The abdomen can be divided into 9 Regions what are they?
A
- Rt. hypochondriac
- Epigastric
- Lt. Hypochondriac
- Rt. Lateral
- Umbilical
- Lt. Lateral
- Rt. Inguinal
- Hypogastric
- Lt. Inguinial
3
Q
What are the quadrants of the abdomen
A
- RUQ
- RLQ
- LUQ
- LLQ
4
Q
The abdominal cavity consist of :
A
- Stomach
- Intestines
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
- kidneys
- Ureters
- Spleen
5
Q
The pelvic cavity consist of:
A
Bladder
portions of the intestines
& reproductive organs
6
Q
- What is the purpose of the alimentary tract?
2. What is it composed of ?
A
Digest and absorb food
Composed of:
- Mouth
- Pharynx
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small bowel
- Large bowel
7
Q
The ____ is the first part of the GI system
A
Esophagus
8
Q
In which quadrant is the stomach located in?
A
LUQ
9
Q
What is the purpose of peristalsis
A
turns the gastric content and moves it towards the pylorus
10
Q
What is rugae
A
Ridges within the stomach
11
Q
How long is the small bowel:____
What is it composed of:____
A
21 ft. long
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
12
Q
The small bowel arises from the ____ and courses
to the ____.
A
duodenal bulb
Ileocecal valve
13
Q
The large colon extends from the ___ to ___. It measures ____ long
A
- Terminal ileum
- Anus
- 6 ft. long
14
Q
What makes up the large bowel?
A
Terminal ileum and appendix,and cecum
Ascending colon and hepatic flexure
Transverse colon and splenic flexure
Descending colon, sigmoid, rectum, and anus
15
Q
Normal radiographic appearance of abdomen should include which structures?
A
- Psoas muscles
- Kidneys
- Liver
- Gallbladder
16
Q
When is the SBS or SBFT study complete?
A
when the contrast reaches the ileoccecal valve
typically 2-3 hrs.
17
Q
Gastric tubes placed through the mouth are termed:___
A
Orogastric tubes
18
Q
Gastric tubes placed through the nose are termed: ____
A
Nasogastric tubes
19
Q
What is the dobhoff tube
A
Common radiopaque enteral tube
20
Q
What is a gastostomy tube?
A
G-tube
Tube placed through the wall of the stomach that allows a direct route for liquid nutrition.
21
Q
Define esophageal atresia
- Classification:__
- Radiographic sign:___
A
lack of development of the esophagus past a certain point
-Lack of air below the diaphragm
22
Q
What is the most frequent type of bowel atresia?
What is it?
What are the most common symptom?
A
Ileal atrisia
= Lack of development of the ileumpast a certainpoint
congenital
- Abdominal distention
- Inability to pass stool
23
Q
- Define duodenal atresia.
- Classification:
- Radio graphic sign:____
A
- Non-existance of the dudoenal lumen
- Congenital
- . Double bubble sign
24
Q
What is the most common surgery in infants?
A
Pyloric stenosis
25
1. Define pyloric stenosis.
2. Classification:___
3. Radiographic sign:_____
Narrowing of the pyloric canal.
2. Congenital
3. String sign
26
Term for when intestines are not in their normal position
What exam is used to diagnosis this
Malrotation
- UGI
27
Define situs inversus
complete reversal of organs
28
_____ refers to the absence of neurons in the bowel wall, mainly in the sigmoid colon,
Hirschsprung's disease
congenital
29
# Define Hirschsprung's Diseae
Classificaiton:____
Radiographic sign:____-
Test to diagnosis
Lack of neurons in the bowel wall , mainly the signoid colon that can lead to a megacolon.
Congenital
mega colon, loss of rugae so th ecolon becomes very smooth
-Barrium enema
30
Diverticulum of distal ileum in which parts of a duct connects the small bowel to the umbilicus of a fetus.
Meckel's diverticulum
congenital
31
1.What is Meckel's diverticulum?
2. Classification___
3. Exam to diagnosis this
1. Diverticulum of the distal ileum , part of a duct connects the small bowel to the umbilicus in a fetus
2. Congenital
3. Nuclear medicine
32
1. ____ is the term for narrowing of the esophagus,
2. Classification
3. Causes are: ___
4. What exam diagnosis this:___
1. esophageal strictures
2. Inflammatory
ingestion of caustic material
Upper endoscopy
33
1.Define Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
1.Sphincter that allow that backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus.
34
1. Define peptic ulcer.
2. Classification
3. Exam to diagnose
Erosion of the mucosal lining of the lower part of the esophagus stomach or duodenum.
2. Inflammatory
3. Upper endoscopy
35
1. What is gastroenteritis
| 2. Classification:__
Group of inflammatory disorders that cause inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach and small bowel
2. Inflammatory
36
Regional enteritis is also known as ____
Crohn's disease
inflammatory
( Chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause)
37
1. What is Regional enteritis?
2. Classification _
3. Radiographic sign
4. Exam to diagnosis
1. Chronic inflmmatory bowel disease of unknown cause.
Inflammatory
Cobble stone or string sign
CT Enterography
38
What is appendicitis
Classification:
Exam for diagnosis ___
Inflammation of the vermiform appendicitis caused by obstruction.
Inflammatory
CT
39
# Define ulcerative colitis .
2. Classification___
3. Radiographic sign
4. Exam to diagnose
Inflammatory bowel disease of the colon mucosa
2. Inflammatory
3.
Megacolon or loss of haustra ( lead pipe appearance)
4. Sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy
40
What is the difference between regional enteritis and ulceratice colitis
Regional enteritis begins in the terminal ileum and cecum and descends with "Skip areas"
UC begins at the anus and ascends, results in mega colon, perforation and cancer.
41
1. veins in the esophagus that are lengthened , dilated and superficial
2. Classification:
3. Exam to diagnose
esophageal varices
2. Inflammatory
3. esophogram
42
Bowel loop protrusion through a small opening usually in the abdominal wall
Hernia aka rupture
43
# Define hernia
Classification___
Bowel loop protrussion through a small opening usually in the abdominal wall
2. Degenerative
44
What is a hiatal hernia?
Classification____
Weakness of the esophageal hiatus that results in herniation of the stomach into the thoracic cavity
-99% are sliding hernias
Degeneratie classification
45
____ % of hiatal hernias are sliding hernias
99%
Schatzke's ring is visible with this condition
46
Abnormal rotation of the stomach that is greater than
180 degrees
classification:____
gastric volvulus
Classification: degenerative
47
Describe bowel obstruction
Classification:
Pathology:
Exam to diagnose
Radiographic sign
* Can be 2 types
- -1. Mechanical: Blockage of bowel lumen
- -2. Paralytic: Peristalsis failure
Classification: Degenerative
Pathology = subtractive
Exam: AAS
Sign: Step ladder
48
Twisting of a bowel loop is called ____
Classification:___
Volvulus
Degenerative
49
Bowel that telecopes into a distal segment
Classification:
radiographic sign __
Intussuception
Degenerative
Coiled spring
50
# Define achalasia
Classification:
Radiographic sign
Exam to diagnose
Failure of the lower esophgeal sphincter to relax due to neuromuscular abnormality
Degenerative
Sign: Beak like appearance at distal esophagus
Esophogram
51
pouch or sac that occurs naturally or is created by herniation of a mucous membrane through a defect in its muscular coat
diverticulum
52
Define diverticulosis
presense of diverticula without inflammation
53
Define diverticulitis
Inflmmation of the diverticula
54
# Define esophageal diverticula
classification:
mucosal Pouches or sacs in the esophagus
Classification: Degenerative
55
What is colonic diverticula
Classification:
Radiographic sign:
Mucosal outpouches of the colon
Neoplastic
Centepede feet
56
What is second most common cause of cancer mortality
Classification:
Radiographic appearance
colon cancer
Neoplastic
Napkin ring or apple core lesion
57
What are colon polyps
Classification:
small masses of tissue that arises from the bowel wall into the lumen
Neoplastic
58
# Define imperforate anus
Classification:
absence of exterior anal opening
Congenital
59
cancerous tumors at the gastroesophageal junction region
adenocacinoma
60
turns the gastric content and moves it towards the pylorus
Peristalsis
61
What are orogatric tube
Tubes placed through the mouth
62
What are nasogatric tubes
gastric tubes placed thrugh the nose
63
lack of development of the esophagus past a certain point
esophageal atriesia
congenital
lack of air below the diaphragm is the radiographic sign
64
Lack of development of the ileum past a certainpoint
ileal atresia
most common atresia
congenital
65
1. Non-existance of the dudoenal lumen
duodenal atresia
66
Narrowing of pylori canal
pyloric stenosis
congenital
67
what are esophageal stricutres
narrowing of the esophagus
inflammatory
68
Incompetant .Sphincter that allow that backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus.
GERD
| gastroesophageal reflux disease
69
Erosion of the mucosal lining of the lower part of the esophagus stomach or duodenum.
peptic ulcer
70
Group of inflammatory disorders that cause inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach and small bowel
gastroenteritis
71
Inflammatory bowel disease of the colon mucoSa
ulcerative colitis
72
Chronic inflmmatory bowel disease of unknown cause.
regional enteritis
inflammatory
73
esophageal Varices
.veins in the esophagus that are lengthened , dilated and superficial
inflammatory
74
volvulus
twisting of a bowel loop
degenerative
75
Bowel loop protrussion through a small opening usually in the abdominal wall
hernia
76
Weakness of the esophageal hiatus that results in herniation of the stomach into the thoracic cavity
hiatal hernia
degenerative
77
Failure of the lower esophgeal sphincter to relax due to neuromuscular abnormality
achalasia
degenerative
RT 77 pathology
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