Ch. 8 Bivariate Correlation

Question 1

Bivariate Correlation

Answer 1

An association that involves exactly two variables from one participant

Question 2

Effect Size

Answer 2

The magnitude, or strength, of a relationship between two or more variables

Question 3

Replication

Answer 3

The process of conducting a study again to test whether the result is consistent

Question 4

Outlier

Answer 4

A score that stands out as either much higher or much lower than most of the other scores in a sample

Question 5

Restriction of Range

Answer 5

In a bivariate correlation, the absence of a full range of possible scores on one of the variables, so the relationship from the sample underestimates the true correlation

Question 6

Curvilinear Association

Answer 6

An association between two variables that is not a straight line; instead , as one variable increases, the level of the other variable increased and then decreases (or vice versa)

Question 7

Directionality Problem

Answer 7

In a correlational study, the occurrence of both variables being measured around the same time, making it unclear which variable in the association came first

Question 8

Reverse Causation

Answer 8

In a study that finds a relationship between variables A and B, the plausible inference that either A could cause B or that B could cause A.

Question 9

Third-Variable Problem

Answer 9

In a correlational study, the existence of a plausible alternative explanation for the association between two variables.

Question 10

Spurious Association

Answer 10

the false appearance of a relationship between variables

Question 10

Moderator

Answer 10

A variable, depending on its level, changes the relationship between two other variables