1
Q
How are the primary flight controls operated?
A
Via conventional control wheel, column and pedal inputs from the pilot to electronically command flight control surfaces
2
Q
What are the 3 operating modes of the primary flight control system?
A
Normal
Secondary
Direct mode
3
Q
How are the secondary flight controls powered?
A
Hydraulically with an electrically powered backup system
4
Q
What are the secondary flight controls?
A
High lift devices, flaps and slats
5
Q
Pilot controls consist of?
(10)
A
Aileron trim switches
Alternate pitch trim levers
Control wheel pitch trim switches
manual rudder trim cancel switch
Rudder trim selector
Flap lever
Speedbrake lever
two control columns
two control wheels
two rudder pairs
6
Q
Which system electronic component does the pilot controls command?
A
4 actuator control electronics (ACE’s)
3 primary flight computers (PFC’s)
7
Q
What is the function of the ACE’s (actuator control electronics)
A
Receive inputs from all pilot controls.
Send control signals to primary control surfaces
Each ACE is assigned different actuators on the control surfaces
No single ACE controls more than one actuator on a control surface
8
Q
EICAS
FLIGHT CONTROLS
A
Multiple ACE and or hyd system failure causes loss of a significant number of control surfaces,
or
Other FC system faults are detected
9
Q
Where can the ACE’s transmit pilot control inputs?
A
1) Directly to the control surfaces
2) To the PFC’s (Primary flight computers)
10
Q
What happens when the ACE’s sends inputs to the PFC’s?
A
The ACE’s receives control commands back from the PFC and use the commands to position flight controls
11
Q
Which other systems does the PFC’s use information from?
(6)
A
Air Data
Inertial data
Flap and slat position
Engine thrust
RA
Autopilot
12
Q
Pitch control provided by?
A
2 elevators
A movable horizontal stabilizer
13
Q
Roll control is provided by?
A
2 flaperons
2 ailerons
14 spoilers
14
Q
Yaw control is provided by?
A
Rudder
Partial span tab
15
Q
Where are the flaperons located?
A
Between inboard and outboard flaps
16
Q
Where are the ailerons located?
A
outboard of the outboard flaps
17
Q
What are the flaperons used for in normal mode?
A
Roll control with flaps either retracted or extended
For increased lift they move down and aft in proportion to TE flap extension.
18
Q
When does the ailerons move down to improve lift and Takeoff performance?
A
Flaps 5, 15, 20
19
Q
In normal mode when are the ailerons locked out?
A
During high-speed flight.
Together with spoilers 5 and 10
20
Q
During Takeoff when does the rudder become aerodynamically effective?
A
About 60 kts
21
Q
what is the Flight Control System normal mode sequence?
A
4 ACE’s receive pilot control inputs
Sends these signals to the 3 PFC’s
PFC’s verify information with other systems to compute commands
These command are sent back to the ACE’s
The Ace’s send enhanced signals to FC surface actuators
22
Q
Autopilot flight control normal mode?
A
Autopilot sends commands directly to the PFC’s
-> ACE’s
23
Q
Which modes is the Autopilot available in?
A
Only the normal mode
24
Q
Does primary flight control system provide flight envelope protection in normal mode?
A
Yes
25
What does flight envelope protection do?
Reduces possibility of inadvertently exceeding the flight envelope through crew awareness of envelope margins through tactile, aural and visual cues
26
Does envelope protection reduce pilot control authority?
No
27
What does the envelope protection include?
Stall protection
Overspeed protection
Bank angle protection
28
When does the PFC's revert to secondary mode?
When they can no longer support the normal mode due to internal failure or lack of required information from other systems
29
How is secondary mode?
ACE's stilll receive pilot control inputs
Sends them to PFC's
PFC's use simplified computations to generate commands
These commands sent back to ACE's
Control surface actuators
30
how does the simplified control laws in the secondary mode affect handling?
Elevator and rudder are more sensitive at some speeds
All flight control surfaces remain operative
31
Which functions are NOT available in the secondary mode?
(7)
Autopilot
Auto speedbrakes
Envelope protection
Gust suppresion
Tail strike protection
Thrust asymmetry compensation
Yaw damping (may be degraded or inoperative)
32
Can the secondary mode be manually selected?
No
33
EICAS
FLIGHT CONTROL MODE
Primary flight control system in secondary mode
34
When does Flight Control system direct mode activate?
Automatically when the ACE's detect failure of all 3 PFC's or lose communication with PFC's
Manually by moving the PRIMARY FLIGHT CONTROL COMPUTERS DISCONNECT switch to DISC.
35
Explain flight control system direct mode
PFC's no longer generate control surface commands.
Pilot inputs received by ACE's directly to the actuators
Full airplane control and handling about the same as secondary mode
36
EICAS
PRI FLIGHT COMPUTERS
System in direct mode
37
Which functions are NOT available in direct mode?
(7)
Autopilot
Auto speedbrake
Envelope protection
Gust suppression
Tail strike protection
Manual rudder trim cancel switch
Thrust asymmetry compensation
Yaw damping.
38
What is the mechanical backup?
If complete electrical system shutdown, cables from the FD to stabilizer and selected spoilers allow the pilot to fly straight and level until electrical system is restarted
39
In regards to Pitch control how does the control column move the elevator?
Not directly, but through the PFC's (primary flight computers)
40
How does the PFC's operate normal pitch control?
Control column to PFC's
PFC's moves the elevator and stabilizer
PFC's constantly monitor airplane response to pilot commands
Pitch responses to thrust changes, gear config, turbulence are minimized by the PFC's
41
Will the PFC's compensate for flap and speedbrake changes?
Yes, and turns up to 30 degrees bank
42
In regard to PFC pitch control when would back pressure be needed in a turn?
Above 30 degrees bank
43
In terms of normal pitch control what does the PFC's try to maintain?
A relatively constant flight path
44
What does the PFC's command in regards to pitch control during manual landing?
Slight nose down pitch command
45
Does Pitch trim switches move the control column?
No
46
Primary Pitch trim differences on ground vs in flight?
Ground:
Stabilizer directly positioned by the pitch trim switches
In flight:
Pitch trim switches go through the PFC's to change trim reference speed
47
What is the pitch trim reference speed?
The speed at which the airplane would eventually stabilize if there were no control column inputs
48
How is alternate pitch trim operated?
By moving the dual alternate pitch trim levers on the control stand
49
What does the alternate pitch trim levers move?
The trim reference speed (normal mode)
Stabilizer (all modes)
50
How is the alternate pitch trim levers connected to the stabilizer?
Through Stabilizer Trim Control Modules
STCM via cables and then mechanically to the stabilizer
51
Which trim has priority, wheel pitch trim or alternate pitch trim?
Alternate pitch trim (all flight control modes)
52
When should the alternate pitch trim levers not be used?
Autopilot engaged
During stall
Overspeed protection
53
What does the Pitch Envelope Protection include?
Stall protection
Overspeed protection
54
When is nose up trim inhibited for stall protection?
At speeds where maneuver margin is limited
Top of amber band at lower altitudes
10-20 kts lower at higher altitudes
55
What is Elevator Variable Feel?
PFC's calculate feel commands based on airspeed.
Control column forces increase:
With increased airspeed
As column displacement increases
56
How does Tail Strike Protection work?
The PFC's calculate if a tail strik is imminent and decrease elevator deflection
57
When does tail strike protection occur?
During Take off and Landing
58
Does activation of tail strike protection moved the control column?
No
59
How is Secondary and direct mode Pitch Control different from Normal mode?
Control column command a proportional elevator deflection instead of a maneuver command
60
Which automatic pitch compensation does the secondary and direct modes not provide?
(5)
Thrust changes
Gear Config. changes
Turbulence
Flap & Speedbrake Config. changes
Turns to 30 degrees
61
How does the Elevator Variable feel system function in secondary and direct mode?
Two force levels instead of a continuous variation with airspeed.
62
What are the two force levels in the elevator variable feel system in the secondary and direct mode?
Flaps up:
Feel forces provide force levels that discourages overcontrol in the pitch axis at high speeds
Flaps out of up:
Feel forces decrease to provide levels for approach and landing
63
Is there a trim reference speed in the secondary and direct mode pitch control?
No, both the primary pitch trim switches and alternate pitch trim levers move the stabilizer directly
64
Which hydraulic systems power the stabilizer?
Center + Right Hydraulic systems
65
How many stabilizer trim control modules are there?
2 modules
One for each hydraulic source
66
What does the STCM do?
Stabilizer Trim Control Modules
Control hydraulic power to the stabilizer
67
What happens if uncommanded stabilizer motion is detected?
STABILIZER C/R
STCM (stabilizer trim control module) that caused the motion automatically shut off.
Stabilizer remains operative through the remaining STCM
68
STABILIZER
Both STCM fail or automatically shut down
or an automatic shutdown fails to stop uncommanded motion
69
Is pitch trim available if the stabilizer is failed or manually shutdown in normal mode?
Yes,
Pitch trim inputs change the PFC trim reference speed. PFC reposition the elevators to trim the airplane
70
How can the pilot quickly stop uncommanded trim changes?
By displacing the control column in the opposite direction
71
How is the stabilizer green band calculated?
Using inputs from FMC CG, Gross Wright and Takeoff Thrust
72
What are the 3 green band segments for Takeoff?
Mid-band
Nose down band
Nose up band
73
What does the nose gear oleo pressure switch do?
It makes an automatic crosscheck of the CG to ensure correct green band has been selected
EICAS
STAB GREENBAND
74
Which spoilers are mechanically linked through a cable from the control wheel?
Spoilers 4 and 11
Available for roll control until speedbrake lever is near UP -> Speedbrakes only
75
Which spoilers are locked out at high speeds?
Spoilers 5 and 10
76
What is maneuver load alleviation?
Moves spoilers and ailerons to reduce pilot induced wing loads
77
When can the maneuver load alleviation activate?
In normal mode with flaps up
78
When is Aileron trim inhibited?
With Autopilot engaged
79
What is the bank angle protection boundary?
35 degrees
80
What happens if the bank angle protection boundary is exceeded?
Control wheel force rolls airplane back within 30 degrees of bank
81
Can bank angle protection be overriden?
Yes
Maximum control wheel deflection always commands maximum control surface deflection
Autopilot disengage bar disables bank angle protection
82
When does the PFD bank angle indicator change colour to amber?
Bank angles exceeding 35 degrees
83
Is bank angle protection available in Secondary and Direct mode Roll Control?
No
84
When are Spoilers 5 and 10 always locked out?
In Secondary and Direct Mode Roll Control
85
What does the Rudder Ratio Changer do?
Automatically reduce rudder deflection as airspeed increases
86
What is TAC?
Thrust Asymmetry Compensation
87
What does TAC do?
Reduces uncommanded flight path changes in case of engine failure
88
How does TAC operate?
By continuously monitoring engine data.
If thrust level on one engine differs by 10% or more TAC adds rudder to minimize Yaw
89
Will TAC fully compensate for the failed engine before liftoff?
No before liftoff TAC does not fully compensate, so the pilot can recognize the engine failure through yaw/roll cues
90
When is TAC not available?
Ground below 70 kts
Rev thrust applied
System malfunction or loss of engine thrust data
Only available in normal flight control mode
91
Is TAC available in Secondary or Direct mode?
No, only in normal flight control mode
92
How can TAC be overriden?
By making manual rudder pedal inputs
Pushing THRUST ASYM COMP switch on overhead panel
93
In which non-normal engine condition may TAC disengage?
Following Severe Damage or Surge if unable to determine accurate thrust level.
94
What is Wheel to Rudder Cross-Tie?
To control initial effect of an engine failure using control wheel inputs.
Control wheel inputs can deflect rudder up to 8 degrees
95
When is Wheel to Rudder Cross-Tie available?
In normal mode
In flight
Below 210 kts
96
Does Gust Suppression move either rudder or control wheel?
No
97
What are the two rudder trim speeds?
Low rate
Rotating to the detent
High rate
Rotating beyond the detent
98
What does the Manual Trim Cancel switch do?
Causes manually set rudder trim to move to zero units
at high speed trim rate
99
Does the Manual Trim Cancel switch have an effect on TAC?
No
100
What are the two fixed rudder ratios in secondary and direct mode Yaw Control?
Flaps up
rudder response to pedal inputs is less than with flap down
101
Name the 3 Secondary Yaw Control mode effects
Gust suppression inoperative
Yaw damping is degraded or inoperative
TAC inoperative
102
Name the 4 inoperative systems in Direct mode Yaw Control
Gust suppression
Yaw damping
TAC
Manual rudder trim cancel switch
103
How many spoilers are there and where are they located?
7 sets of spoilers (14 total)
5 outboard of flaperons
2 inboard of flaperon
Named left to right 1-14
104
What happens if a single spoiler fails?
The corresponding spoiler on the other wing retracts
105
Which spoilers are used as ground speedbrakes only in the normal mode
5 and 10
106
Which spoilers are locked out in secondary and direct mode?
4 and 11
5 and 10
107
When ARMED when does the speedbrakes deploy?
Landing gear fully on the ground (not tilted)
TL's Idle
Reverse idle (even when not armed)
108
Are Automatic Speedbrakes available in secondary and direct modes?
No,
Only in normal mode
109
What is Landing Attitude Modifier (LAM) ?
Automatic function that increase pitch and nose gear height in landing flaps at higher speeds.
LAM increases pitch by partially raising lateral control surfaces.
This reduces lift -> higher pitch attitude
Some buffet may occur
110
Where are the flaps located?
1 inboard and 1 outboard TE flap
111
Where are the slats located?
1 inboard and 6 outboard LE slats
112
Where is the Krueger flap located?
A two position Krueger flap provides a seal between the inboard slat and engine nacelle
113
Name the Takeoff flap positions
5, 15 and 20
114
Landing flaps?
25 and 30
Some non-normal flaps 20
115
When is flap extension inhibited?
+ 275 kts
+ 20.000'
EICAS
LOAD RELIEF
116
Flap 1 selection
Slats move to midrange
117
Flaps 5, 15 and 20 selection
Flaps move to selected position
Slats remain in midrange
118
Flaps 25 selection
Slats fully extended position
Then flaps extend to 25
119
Flaps 30 selection
Slat remain fully extended
Flaps extend to primary landing position
120
Where at the mechanical gates on the flap lever column?
Gate at flaps 20
Gate at flaps 1
121
What are the 3 modes of flap and slat operation?
Primary (Hydraulic)
Secondary (Electric)
Alternate (Electric)
122
In which mode can the flaps and slats not operate independetly?
In the Alternate mode
123
What power the Primary flaps and slats mode?
Center Hydraulic system
124
What powers the Secondary and alternate flap and slat modes?
Left and Right AC busses
125
When is the secondary flap and slat mode engaged?
Automatically when the primary mode fails
Once engaged it remains until affected systems surfaces are fully retracted or Center Hyd sys pressure is restored
126
How does the slats operate in secondary mode?
Electrically
< 256 kts
The slats fully extend at all flap position
>256 kts
Slats extend or retract to midrange position
No Autoslats
127
On the ground when is secondary electric mode operation inhibited?
GS < 40 kts
Center Hyd Press low
2 of:
Left Eng N2 < 50%
Right Eng N2 < 50%
Prim Ext. Power Avail
128
What does the Alternate flap/slat mode allow?
Direct operation of the flaps and slats through secondary drive electric motors
129
What happens when the alternate flaps ARM switch is pushed?
Disables normal control
Arms the alternate mode
Engages electric motors
Flap lever no longer controls flaps/slats
130
What is the alternate mode flap and slat limited to?
Limited to slat midrange
Flaps 20
131
Is Asymmetry protection available in Alternate flap/slat mode?
No
132
Is uncommanded motion protection available in alternate flap/slat mode?
No
133
Is Autoslat and flap/slat load relief available in Alternate flap/slat mode?
No
134
How is the sequence different in alternate flap/slat mode?
The flaps and slats extend simultaneously
Slat retraction inhibited until flaps are up
135
For which flap positions is flap load relief available?
Flaps 15, 20, 25 and 30
136
Will there be an EICAS message in case of flap load relief?
Yes
LOAD RELIEF
137
When does the flap load relief retract the flaps?
When airspeed is 1 knot higher than flap placard speed
138
When will the flap load relief re-extend the flaps
When airspeed is 5 knots below flap placard speed for commanded flap position
139
What is flap load relief limited to retract the flaps to?
Flaps 5
140
In case of flap overspeed what will flap load relief prevention of?
Flap extension beyond
5, 15, 20, 25
until airspeed is sufficiently reduced
141
Which mode is flap load relief available?
Only in the Primary mode
142
Which mode is slat load relief available?
Secondary mode only
If airspeed exceeds 256 kts Slats retract to midrange
+ LOAD RELIEF
143
When is the Autoslats armed?
Flaps 1 ,5, 15, 20
144
Which mode are the Autoslats available?
Only in Primary slat mode
145
Where does the Autoslat receive signal from?
Stall Warning System
146
How does Autoslats operate?
They automatically extend slats from midrange to fully extended landing position
147
Uncommanded Flap or Slat motion
If in primary mode -> automatic transfer to secondary mode
FLAPS PRIMARY FAIL / SLAT PRIMARY FAIL
Motion continues -> system shuts down
FLAPS DRIVE / SLATS DRIVE
148
Asymmetry
FLAPS DRIVE
SLAT DRIVE
System shuts down flap/slat drive
149
When will the flap position indicator no longer be displayed on the EICAS primary display?
10 seconds after all flaps and slats are up
150
When will the extended flap indication be displayed?
Automatically if flap/slat control is in the secondary or alternate mode
or any non-normal condition
151
Flaps limits
1 -> 265 kts
5 -> 245 kts
15 -> 230 kt
20 -> 225 kts
25 -> 200 kts
30 -> 180 kts
152
What does the Pitch trim switches do/move in the normal, secondary and direct modes?
Normal in flight -> changes trim reference speed
Normal on ground -> moves the stabilizer
Secondary or direct mode -> moves the stabilizer
153
What does the Control Column deflect in the normal, secondary and direct pitch modes?
Normal -> elevator and stabilizer
Secondary + Direct -> elevator
154
What could have happened if the Takeoff Trim Green Band and pointer are not displayed?
Invalid or no stabilizer signal
155
Flaps 1 placard speed?
265 kts
156
Flaps 5 placard speed?
245 kts
157
Flaps 15 placard speed?
230 kts
158
Flaps 20 placard speed?
225 kts
159
Flaps 25 placard speed?
200 kts
160
Flaps 30 placard speed?
180 kts
161
CONFIG SPOILERS condition?
One of these:
Speedbrak lever is not down during Takeoff
Speedbrake lever is extended beyond ARMED in flight with climb thrust or greater
B777F - FCOM - Systems
flashcards
Decks in class (17)
# Cards
-
B777F - Limitations26
-
Ch 1 - Airplane General31
-
Ch 2 - Air Systems49
-
Ch 3 - Anti-Ice, Rain28
-
Ch 4 - Automatic Flight137
-
Ch 5 - Communications1
-
Ch 6 - Electrical77
-
Ch 7 - Engines, APU90
-
Ch 8 - Fire Protection37
-
Ch 9 - Flight Controls161
-
Ch 10 - Flight Instruments0
-
Ch 11 - Navigation0
-
Ch 12 - Fuel59
-
CH 13 - Hydraulics24
-
Ch 14 - Landing Gear51
-
Ch 15 - Warning Systems0
-
Normal Procedures - Section 1110
