British, American leader goals
David Lloyd George
- German large trading partner, barrier against communism, must look as if nego harsh terms, trying to reduce severity
- against abolishment, restrictions on trade, against self-determination,
Woodrow
- 14 points, LoN
Italy, Japan looked for promised rewards, Paris Peace Conf.
War Guilt Clause
Accept full blame, damage caused
Reparations
6600 million pounds
Demilitarisation
- 100k men max army
- very little men, Navy
- no submarines, tanks, aircraft
- no conscription
- Demil Rhineland
territorial reductions
- fall, colonial mastery, return territories -> brit, france
- Saar (resource-rich, coal), Port of Danzig
- Return, Alscace Lorraine, France
unfair ToV
- Not intiator of war
- ToV geared towards desires, victor
- cannot defend itself
- dire situation Germany not taken into acct.
fair ToV
- Germany was harsh
- containment of aggressor
- reparations made, affected
unfair ToV
n__ i__ w__
not initiator war
- Austria-Hungary had initiated war, Germany only enter, diplomatic ties, treaty excessively harsh, Germany
- war guilt clause
- should not be held accountable, all resultant dmg
unfair ToV
d__ o__ v__
desires of victors
- Clemenceau exact revenge, Germany, key decision-maker
- Germany not invited, Paris Peace Conf, only given 2 wks share views, most comments ignored, oppose self-determination, countries in control, own fate
- demanded sign or invade
- lead to terms, 6600million pounds, Alcasce-Lorraine given back, France even tho Germany legally conquered
unfair ToV
u__ d__ i__
unable defend itself
- Demilitarisation
- tarnish prestige
- Germany vulnerable, attacks, other countries, France, Allied powers
- Germany unable defend, Ruhr, hyperinflation, French, Belgian troops occupied area
- left mercy, other countries
unfair ToV
d__ s__, G___
dire situation, Germany
- econ in shambles, losing WW1, social unrest, struggling, self-reparation
- not invited to paris peace conf, only 2 wks decide or invade, comments ignored
- reparation clause, cripple ailing German econ.
fair ToV
G__ w__ h__
Germany was harsh, aggressive
- Sink british passenger carrying ship, Lithuania, lots loss, lives, French-German border
- Treaty, Brest-Litovsk, demand 1/3 of population, resource-abundant land, Russia
- reparations clause, rightfully punished, cruel acts, war like Brest-Litovsk
fair ToV
c__ a__
aggressor Germany
- millions of lives, Germany, capable, mass destruction
- larger population of healthy young men than France
- ensure Germany cannot go war
- demilitarisation, reparations clause
- strip Germany military capabilities, engineer, peace
fair ToV
r__ m__, a__ c__
reparations made, affected countries
- no fighting occured, German soil, German econ. not as crippled as victors that suffered losses
- France, amass great losses, population deaths, property damage
- reparation clause, 6600 pounds
- economy affected by Germany’s invasion of countries
- form of compensation needed
LoN weakness
S__ W__
struct weakness
- understaffed, disorganised Secretariat
- Conference of Ambassadors make decisions, should have been made by permanent members
- permanent members (Brit, Jap, France, Italy) veto power, usually decisions all 4 members favor, slowed down a lot, ineffective
Manchurian Crisis
LoN weakness
l__ A__, c___
Lack auth, credibility
- strong offenders, not affected, League condemnation (Lytton Report, Manchurian Crisis)
- military action against offender rarely taken, pacifist post ww1, League dont have credible army
- econ sanctions, members afraid their relations with other countries affected (Hoare-Laval Pact)
- offending countries withdraw, nothing done
- ineffective policy of appeasement, 1930s
Abyssinian Crisis
LoN weakness
L__ M___
Limited Membership
- countries sought own recovery strength > peace
- US not part, League, isolationist, econ sanctions weakened
- US was country conceptualise LoN, military powerful, could add to credibility
- another impt country, Russia not part, League, Communist ideology
1920s Successes
Upper Silesa
- Germany contest, ownership, Poland owned Upper-Silesa, industrial value
- Plebscite, clear split, region
- self determination, peace
Memelland
- Lithuania invade Memel, large population Lithuanians
- French control
- upon discuss, Memel transfer -> Lithuania
help those affected, Ww1
- return thousands of PoWs from ww1
- found homes, countless refugees
League Successes, 1930s
leticia dispute
- settle dispute, Colombia, Peru
- ease tensions
Saar Commission, Saar Plebscite
- allow free determination, ease tensions, Germany
League Failures, 1920s
Corfu
- Italy invade Corfu, Council members never compel Italy withdraw
- pressure Greece pay compensation fee, Italian generals’ assassination
- LoN bias, stronger member
Vilna Conflict
- Vilna under Lithuania, large Polish population
- Poland invade, Lithuania appeal, LoN demand withdraw, Poland refuse
