Competition
any use or defense of a resource by one individual that reduces the availability of that resource to other individuals
Resources for competition
food, water, sunlight, habitat, space, matings
Intraspecific competition
competition among individuals of the same species
Interspecific competition
competition among individuals of different species
Resources
anything an organism consumes or uses
What does resource cause as its level changes
change growth rate of a population
Renewable resources
resources that are constantly regenerated
Nonrenewable resources
resources that are not regenerated
Liebigs law of the minimum
law stating that a population increases until the supply of the most limiting resource prevents it from increasing further
Conditions for competition
species found in the same area at the same time, species utilize a shared resource, shared resource found in a limited supply, shared resource is a limiting resource of species
Gause principle of competitive exclusion
2 species with competing for the same resource cannot co exist indefinitely
Hardens principle of competitive exclusion
two or more species cannot coexist on a single limiting resource
Tansley niche
interspecific competition restricts realized niche of each of two species of bedstraw to a narrower range of soil types
Lotka Voltera coexistence when
interspecific competition is weaker than intraspecific competition, allows regulation within species to occur
Park competition and environment
non resource factors influence competition
Allelopathy
type of interference that occurs when organisms use chemicals to harm their competitors
Sympatric species
species that coexist in the same geographic area
Allopatric species
species whos ranges do not overlap
Biological controls
introduction of one species to help control the abundance of another species
Ground defense (flocking)
predator confusion, group awareness
Coloration prey defense
cryptic coloration, blend into background
Aposomatic coloring
warning colors, often combined with chemical
Mullerian mimicry
comimicry among several species of nocious organisms
Batesian mimicry
harmless species mimic noxious species
