Level 1 > Ch.47 > Flashcards

Ch.47 Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What is the core of any suspension system?
    * wheel spindle assembly
    * spring
    * ball joints
    * control arm
A

Spring

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2
Q

What occurs when a wheel hits a dip or hole and moves downward?
* a. jounce
* b. free length
* c. deflection
* d. rebound

A

Rebound

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3
Q

What occurs when a wheel hits a dip or bump and moves upward?
* a. jounce
* b. free length
* c. deflection
* d. rebound

A

Jounce

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4
Q

Which of the following ball joints may have an allowance for free play?
* a. load carrying
* b. follower
* c. friction loaded
* d. all upper ball joints

A

Load carrying, when unloaded.

No free play allowed for following ball joints, unless specified

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5
Q

What is the most common shock absorber ratio used on passenger cars?
* a. 80/20
* b. 70/30
* c. 60/40
* d. 50/50

A

Textbook 50/50 class 60/40

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6
Q

What stabilizes the up-and-down motion of the vehicle when travelling on a bumpy road?
* the upper control arm
* the torsion bar
* the shock absorber
* the coil spring

A

The shock absorber

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7
Q

What is the purpose of a vehicle’s coil spring?
* to support the weight of the vehicle
* to provide axle location
* to stabilize the up-and-down motion
* to stabilize rebound only

A

Support the weight of the vehicle

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8
Q

What type of ball joint is used on the lower control arm of an SLA suspension when the coil spring is placed between the lower control arm and the frame, and the control arm is beneath the knuckle?
* a friction-loaded ball joint
* a follower ball joint
* a compression loaded-load carrying
* a tension loaded-load carrying

A

tension loaded-load carrying

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9
Q

Which of the following statements about torsion bars is correct?
* Torsion bars are interchangeable from side to side.
* Torsion bars should be replaced individually.
* Torsion bars are pre-stressed for specific sides of the vehicle.
* Torsion bars are nonadjustable.

A

Torsion bars are pre-stressed for specific sides of the vehicle.

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10
Q

What are the two SLA systems in common use today?
* coil spring and strut suspension
* coil spring and torsion bar suspension
* coil spring and single control arm suspension
* single and double control arm suspension

A

coil spring and torsion bar suspension

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11
Q

What component is used to transfer suspension movement from one side to the other during cornering?
* a torsion bar
* an anti-roll bar
* strut rods
* shock absorbers

A

an anti-roll bar

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12
Q

How full should the fuel tank be to correctly check the vehicle’s ride height?
* a. full
* b. ¾ full
* c. ½ full
* d. ¼ full

A

full

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13
Q

What vehicles commonly use a leaf spring rear suspension?
* front-wheel-drive vehicles
* rear-wheel-drive vehicles
* pickup trucks
* station wagons

A

Pick up trucks

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14
Q

Which suspension system can actually change the ride height during operation?
* adaptive suspensions
* active suspensions
* air shock suspensions
* automatic load-levelling air suspension

A

Active suspensions

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15
Q

What is the primary function of the subframe or cradle?

A

Support the engine, transaxle, and suspension and steering components

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16
Q

What service repairs would require removing the subframe?

A

Transmission and engine repairs

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17
Q

What problems with the vehicle have if the subframe was misaligned

A

Vibration and steering

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18
Q

What are four unibody structural support areas of the frame that should be inspected?

A

Crossmember, rocker panels, front and rear apron, front and rear uni rail

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19
Q

Which areas of the frame should be inspected if a technician is concerned with previous accident damage

A

Crumple zones of the front and rear aprons

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20
Q

What other general inspection can be performed to indicate previous chassis repair?

A

Alignment gaps on the hood, doors, and trunk

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21
Q

How would a technician identify a damaged, misaligned, frame?

A

Point to point measurements, criss-cross “X” measurements

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22
Q

How do you measure wheelbase?

A

Centre of front wheel hubcap to centre of rear wheel hubcap

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23
Q

What is wheel track width?

A

Measurement from the centre of each tires

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24
Q

What is setback? What can cause it? What are two symptoms?

A

One of the front wheels has moved backwards and the wheelbase on one side of the vehicle is shorter than the other.

Setback can also be caused collisions or by worn control arm bushings.

Driver experiences the steering wheel to be off center.
Driver experiences pull to the side with a shorter wheelbase .

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25
What is a skewed axle? What causes it? What are symptoms of it?
A skewed axle is when the rear wheels/ axle are misaligned. Damaged suspension fore and aft control. Driver experiences Vehicle drift, where the vehicle travels down the road diagonally Driver experiences steering off centre
26
Which areas of the frame should be inspected if concerned with structural support of a body over frame (BOF) vehicle?
Rust and cracks should be inspected on the frame rail, suspension mounts, steering mounts
27
What is the best way to locate and test for cracks and rust in the frame?
Ball pein hammer tapping along frame, further inspection needed if tapping becomes a thud Bright light
28
What complaints might the customer have if the vehicle has a skewed rear axle?
Vehicle drifts one direction, dog tracking Steering is off centre
29
What is the service procedure to check for skewed rear axle?
Measure wheelbase
30
How would a technician identify a damaged, out of square, frame?
Point to point measurements “X” shape
31
What is jounce?
Compression, upward wheel movement, spring absorbs energy
32
What is rebound?
Extension. Wheel moves downward, releasing energy.
33
What is unsprung weight?
All parts of the vehicle not supported by suspension, anything that moves when the wheels move.
34
What are examples of unsprung weight?
Tires, brakes, wheel, bearings, steering knuckle, Suspension
35
What is sprung weight?
All vehicle weight supported by suspension system
36
What are examples of sprung weight?
Engine, transmission, frame, body, interior components, glass
37
What is spring rate?
Amount of force required to compress a spring 1 inch or 25 mm High spring rate = stiff ride - tow truck Low spring rate = soft ride - Cadillac
38
What is deflection?
How much the spring will compress
39
What is one thing you can do to inspect suspension?
Measure ride height at all corners and compare side to side measurements. Measure from the ground to the top of the wheel well. If measurements are more than half an inch, 12.5mm and there is an issue
40
How is ride height set?
Ride height is set by the springs, or leaf springs
41
What is needed to neutralize spring energy so it’s safe?
Spring compressor with safety chain
42
What should be done before removing any spring or strut position?
Markings with paint pen
43
Why are cars designed with a unibody framework?
Provides solid chassis with little movement. Excellent crash protection. can be lighter that body over frame.
44
What is the front apron?
Strut tower, and inner fender, front frame rail crumpled zone
45
What is the rear apron?
Wheel house, strut tower assembly, Unirail crumple zone
46
When inspecting a unibody frame, what are elements that should be looked for?
Flaked paint or buckled metal or excessive rust. Front and rear apron, front and rear unirails. Crossmember
47
What is the purpose of utilizing unequal length control arms?
It keeps the tire vertical during upward movement, which increases tire stability
48
What is usually required to service the strut components of a McPherson strut?
Spring compressor with chain to neutralize the spring
49
What are components of a coil spring inspection?
Spring, uniformity, distortion, coil, spacing, no stress riser (bubbling) under paint/ coating and rubber insulator condition
50
Describe the purpose of swinging shackles
They allow the leaf spring to compress and flatten 
51
What are 4 areas you would inspect on a leaf spring?
Bushings: check for crack, distortion, and excessive wear Ride height Cracked leafs Frame mount condition
52
What is a torsion bar spring?
Sprung steel rod at twists to provide spring action to control arm from frame crossmember 
53
Describe any special procedures that should be followed with replacing a torsion bar and any tools involved
1. measure right height 2. Mark Torsion bars left and right side and the direction 3. Measure with vernier calliper depth the position of the torsion bar adjuster nut 4. Use torsion bar tool to hold torsion key tension 5. Remove adjuster bolt and torsion bar
54
What is a shock / strut dampener?
Absorbs spring energy and converts it into heat
55
A base valve is only on this type of shock
Twin tube
56
How does a twin tube shock absorber differ from a mono tube?
fluid from inner cylinder, pushed through the base valve to outer cylinder. twin tube shock absorbers have two fluid chambers
57
What are two valves inside a hydraulic shock?
Piston valve, attached to bottom of piston rod, and controls rate of fluid flow on compression and extension Base valve, only found in twin tube
58
What is indicated by the term “gas” shock
Nitrogen replaces air in shock absorber so that hydraulic fluid doesn’t become emulsified
59
What is shock fade
When hydraulic fluid aerates
60
What does 50-50 shock ration indicate?
50% control on rebound (extension) 50% control on Jounce (compression) 60/40 increased control on rebound (Harder to extend) less control on jounce (compression)
61
What should absorbers be inspected for?
Oil leaks, damaged or missing dust shields, worn or damaged bushings, bent or damaged body or piston
62
What does customer experience with worn shocks
Clunking noise Vehicle roll Vehicle dive Cupped tires (all lugs are different height)
63
where is the loaded component on a MacPherson strut
Thrust plate, where the unit mounts to the unibody
64
What is a Coil over strut also known as?
Chapman strut
65
What is the difference between Chapman and MacPherson struts
MacPherson struts have bearings at the top allowing them to rotate. Chapman struts mount to top of frame with SLA or rear multilink assemblies
66
What is the procedure for unloading SLA ball joint, with a frame - spring - lower control arm setup (loaded tension ball joint)
Support and lift vehicle by frame Place jack under control arm, as close to wheel as possible Pry the wheel up and down to measure axial play (pry bar) Rock wheel in and out to measure radial play (6+12 push pull) If any movement detected then it must be measured with colleague Values needed for MVI.
67
What is the difference between tension ball joint and compression ball joint
Tension ball joints are when forces try to pull apart Compression ball joints are when forces squish together
68
What is the procedure for unloading SLA ball joint, with a frame - spring - upper control arm setup (loaded compression ball joint)
1. Insert wedge between frame and upper control arm 2. Lift and support vehicle frame 3. Measure radial (6+12 push pull) and axial (prybar) play
69
What is the job of the sway bar
Reduce body roll
70
How should the suspension be placed during a sway bar link inspection?
Rested on ground @ vehicle ride height
71
Multilink suspension components
Fore and aft control = lower and upper control arms Body roll control = lateral control rods axle to frame. Sometimes control arms are triangulated. This removes the need for a lateral control rod because the angled position gives fore and aft control and also lateral control
72
What could occur when the bushings to the frame on a control arm deteriorate?
Vehicle pulls one direction (more noticeable on braking)
73
What is a compliance bushing?
It allows for slight twists and flex between components like control arms and the chassis. Bushing has perforation, which looks like a slot. Prybar needed to test Important to mark where the perforations are when replacing. Remember to allow suspension to be in neutral position before torquing
74
Why are parallel links different sizes?
Keeps wheel and tire vertical (toe at zero)
75
What alignment adjustment is found on the lateral / parallel links?
Toe adjustments 3+9 push-pull movement
76
What link is added to make a 4 link system a 5 link system?
Leading arm - provides more control accelerating and decelerating better fore and aft control
77
How do you test for radial wheel movement?
6+ 12 push pull with the ball joint unloaded.
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