CH65- Amp

Question 1

• Where is the incision for a scapulohumeral disarticulation?

Answer 1

• Incise from GTub to axilla

Question 2

• What are the muscles to be transected on the lateral aspect for scapulohumeral disarticulation?

Answer 2

• Ligate cephalic and axillobrachia v.
• Cleidobrachialis transected on humerus
• Deltoid transected on humerus
• Triceps at the insertion on olecranon

Question 3

• What are the muscles to transect on the medial aspect for scapulohumeral disarticulation?

Answer 3

• Superficial and deep pectorals
• Cutaneous trunci
• Transect muscles inserting on the terres tuberosity → latissiumus dorsi, terres major, cutaneous trunci

Question 4

• What are the nerves and vessels to ligate on the medial aspect of the limb?

Answer 4

• Brachial a/v
• Ulnar a
• Cranial circumflex humeral a.
• Median
• Ulnar
• Radial
• Musculocutaneous

Question 5

• What are the muscles near the shoulder joint that need to be transected?

Answer 5

• GT → Supraspinatus
• Terres minor
• Infraspinatus
• LT → Subscapularis
• Tendon of origin of coracobrachialis

Question 6

• What is incised from the scapular spine and surrounding area?

Answer 6

• Omotransversarius
• Trapezius
• Cleidobrachialis
• Omobrachial and cephalic v.
• Superficial cervical and suprascapular a.

Question 7

• What muscles are removed from the borders and medial aspect of the scapula?

Answer 7

• Rhomboideus (dorsal)
• Serratus ventralis (medial)
• Latissimus dorsa (caudal)
• Lateral thoracic a and n

Question 8

• What arteries and veins are ligated during the amputation?

Answer 8

• Axillary a/v

Question 9

• What are the spinal segments for the brachial plexus?

Answer 9

C6-T2

Question 10

• What muscles are ligated on the medial aspect of the limb?

Answer 10

• Superficial and deep pectorals

Question 11

• What are the three methods of PL amputation?

Answer 11

• En bloc with acetabulectomy
• Disarticulation of the hip joint
• Osteotomy of the femur

Question 12

• When are en bloc amputations indicated?

Answer 12

• Osteosarcoma of the femoral head or neck
• Although they do not cross the joint it is believed that they can because of the ligament of the head of the femur
• Mid-Femoral Amputation

Question 13

• What muscles and nerves are encountered on the medial aspect of the femur for mid-femoral amputation?

Answer 13

• Sartorius
• Gracillis
• Pectineus
• Quadriceps
• Vessels
• Saphenous
• Femoral a/v
• Descending genicular a.

Question 14

• What muscles and vessels are encountered on the lateral aspect?

Answer 14

• Biceps femoris
• Fascia lata
• Abductor cruris caudalis
• Semitendinosus and semimembranosus
• Adductor magnus et brevis
• Sciatic nerve

Question 15

• What makes up the femoral triangle?

Answer 15

• Sartorius (cranial)
• Pectineus (caudal)
• External abdominal oblique

Question 16

• What is ligated within the femoral triangle?

Answer 16

• Femoral a./v
• Lateral circumflex femoral a.
• Superficial circumflex a/v
• Medial circumflex femoral a.
• Saphenous n.

Question 17

• What muscles are transected on the medial aspect of the limb?

Answer 17

• Pectineus
• Gracilis
• Adductor
• Sartorius
• Iliopsoas
• Adductor longus
• Quadratus femoris
• Femoral n. Associated with iliopsoas

Question 18

• What muscles are transected on the lateral aspect of the limb?

Answer 18

• Rectus femoris (cranial)
• Biceps femoris
• Tensor Fascia Lata
• Gluteals (GT and 3rd for superficial)
• Piriformis (GT)
• Internal and external obturators
• Articularis coxae along joint capsule

Question 19

• What are the muscles transected caudally?

Answer 19

• Semitendinosus
• Semimembranosus
• Adductor crucis caudalis
• Sciatic

Question 20

• What muscles are elevated from the pelvis for an acetabulectomy?

Answer 20

• Gluteal
• Gemeli
• Obturators
• Piriformis
• Articularis coxae
• Quadratus femoris
• Adductor

Question 21

• Where are the osteotomies made in the pelvis?

Answer 21

• Ilium - caudal to SI
• Ischium
• Pubis

Question 22

• How does gait change following TL and PL amputations?

Answer 22

• Increased ROM of the tarsus, cervicothoracic, TL regions
• Increased extension of LS region
• Shift in center of gravity (TL > PL)

Question 23

• What is the infection rate following amputation?

Answer 23

• 13% - dog
• 3.6% - cat

Question 24

• How should an acetabular component be adjusted when placing THR for pelvic limb amputee?

Answer 24

• Place acetabular component in a more closed potion

Question 25

• What are 2 different versions of a prosthetic that can be used?

Answer 25

• Socket prosthesis • Intraosseous transcutaneous amputation prosthesis (ITAP)

Question 26

• What is minimum amount of RU or tibial/fibula that must remain in order for prosthetic to be feasible?

Answer 26

• 30%

Question 27

• What are the complications with transosseous trnascutaneous amputation prostheses?

Answer 27

• Aseptic loosening • Fracture

Question 28

• What is a partial foot amputation defined as?

Answer 28

• Removal of 2 adjacent digits en bloc +/- associated meta bones

Question 29

• What is the major draining vein of the manus? Pes?

Answer 29

• Manus - accessory cephalic vein • Pes- cranial branch of lateral saphenous vein

Question 30

• What are the major vessels encountered at the level of the meta bones?

Answer 30

• Dorsal common digital arteries/veins

Question 31

• What tendons are encountered dorsally in the TL? PL?

Answer 31

• TL - common digital extensor , lateral digital extensor • PL - long digital extensor, lateral digital extensor

Question 32

* What tendons are encountered on the palmar/plantar aspect?

Answer 32

* SDFT, DDFT

Question 33

• What muscle is sectioned at the level of the metabone?

Answer 33

• Interosseous m. • Tail Amputation

Question 34

• Where is a cranial tail amputation performed?

Answer 34

• Cd 2-3

Question 35

• What muscles must be transected from attachments to caudal vertebrae?

Answer 35

• Coccygeus • Levator ani

Question 36

• What blood vessels will be encountered in the cranial 1/3rd of the tail?

Answer 36

• Unpaired median caudal artery • Paired lateral caudal arteries • Paired dorsal lateral caudal arteries • Paired ventrolateral caudal arteries

Question 37

• What are the only 2 blood vessels that will be encountered at the tip of the tail

Answer 37

• Median artery • Lateral caudal arteries Lat caudal veins drain tail